Birds of a Feather: Homophily in Social Networks
2001 · paper · Sociology
Reviews research on homophily, the tendency for similar people to form ties. It finds personal networks are homogeneous, with race and ethnicity creating the strongest divides, and calls for more work on ecological processes, multiplex ties and network change.
Checked: PDF from pdodds.w3.uvm.edu, fetched 5 Oct 2026. Page numbers are those of that PDF.
11 findings
Reference or label Text attributes the quotation to the Phaedrus: "Plato observed in Phaedrus that “similarity begets friendship” (Plato 1968, p. 837)", but the only Plato entry in the reference list is "Plato. 1968. Laws. Plato in Twelve Volumes, Vol. 11. Bury translator."
- p. 2 Homophily: A Basic Organizing Principle, para 1
Plato observed in Phaedrus that “similarity begets friendship” (Plato 1968, p. 837)
- p. 29 Literature Cited, Plato
Plato. 1968. Laws. Plato in Twelve Volumes, Vol. 11.
- p. 29 Literature Cited, Plato entry
Plato. 1968. Laws. Plato in Twelve Volumes, Vol. 11. Bury translator.
- p. 29 Literature Cited
Plato. 1968. Laws. Plato in Twelve Volumes,
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Page 2 image shows 'Phaedrus' in italics with the citation Plato 1968, p. 837; the page 29 crop shows the single Plato entry is the Laws, vol. 11. There is no Phaedrus entry in the list. The work named in the text and the work cited do not match within the paper; which of the two is the slip is for the authors (the reviewers' point that 837 is a Stephanus number of the Laws is outside knowledge and not needed for the mismatch).
Second check: another model agreed
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Reference or label Bott is cited as "(e.g., Bott 1928," on PDF page 2 and as "(e.g., Bott 1929, Loomis 1946)" on PDF page 3; the reference list has only "Bott H. 1928. Observation of play activities in a nursery school."
- p. 2 last line of body text
(e.g., Bott 1928,
- p. 3 Studies of Homophily Across the Century, para 1
(e.g., Bott 1929, Loomis 1946)
- p. 25 Literature Cited
Bott H. 1928. Observation of play activities in
- p. 25 Literature Cited
Bott H. 1928. Observation of play activities in a nursery school.
Judge's note: Both citations read on the page images of pages 2 and 3; the reference-list crop on page 25 shows a single Bott entry dated 1928. No Bott 1929 entry exists (text search). The 1929 citation has no matching entry.
Second check: another model agreed
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Reference or label "drew on the theoretical work of Simmel (1971) and Park & Burgess (1921)": Simmel (1971) has no entry in the Literature Cited; likewise "shared cultural tastes (Mark 1999)" on PDF page 21 has no entry.
- p. 3 para 2
the theoretical work of Simmel (1971) and Park & Burgess
- p. 3 First full paragraph
drew on the theoretical work of Simmel (1971) and Park & Burgess (1921)
- p. 3 Lazarsfeld & Merton paragraph
Simmel (1971)
- p. 21 Cognitive Processes
shared cultural tastes (Mark 1999)
Judge's note: Citation read on the page 3 image. Searched the whole extracted text: 'Simmel' occurs only at the citation, and the page 29 crop shows the list running Schofeld, Shrum, Smith with no Simmel. 'Mark 1999' likewise occurs only at its citation on page 21, with no Mark entry in the list. The Blau 1982a,b part of one reviewer note is judged under C013.
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Reference or label "“knowing about” someone (Hampton & Wellman 2001)" on PDF page 4, but the reference list has only "Hampton KN, Wellman B. 2000. Examining community in the digital neighborhood", cited as 2000 on PDF pages 15 and 16.
- p. 4 Types of Relationships, para 1
(Hampton & Wellman 2001)
- p. 27 Literature Cited
Wellman B. 2000. Examin-
- p. 16 Geography, para 2
(Hampton & Wellman 2000; see review in Wellman et al 1996)
- p. 27 Literature Cited
Hampton KN, Wellman B. 2000. Examining community in the digital neighborhood
Judge's note: Page 4 crop shows 2001; the page 27 crop shows the only Hampton & Wellman entry dated 2000; page 15 image shows 'Hampton & Wellman 2000' and the text of page 16 also gives 2000. No 2001 entry exists.
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Reference or label Reference list: "Marsden PV. 1987. Core discussion networks of Americans. Am. Sociol. Rev. 52:122–313" gives a 192-page range for a journal article; the text cites it only at pp. 122–24, 127 and 128–29.
- p. 28 Literature Cited
of Americans. Am. Sociol. Rev. 52:122–
- p. 16 Geography, para 3
(Marsden 1987, pp. 128–29)
- p. 28 Literature Cited
Marsden PV. 1987. Core discussion networks of Americans. Am. Sociol. Rev. 52:122–313
- p. 4 First paragraph
Marsden 1987, pp. 122–24
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Read the entry on the page 28 image: it prints "52:122–" then "313" on the next line, so this is not an extraction artefact. The list writes shortened end pages elsewhere ("843–58", "370–79") and full ones when the hundreds change ("1095–1130"), so 313 is a literal end page. The in-text page citations (PDF pages 4, 10, 16) all fall in 122–129. The likely intended range is 122–31, but the true end page is not in the files, so the authors must confirm. The same cluster also raised Ibarra 1995 "Acad. Mgmt. Rev. 38:673–703" (page 27 image): the list gives Acad. Mgmt. J. volume 28 for 1985 (Brass), which fits volume 38 for 1995 being the Journal, not the Review, but that rests on outside knowledge and is a query only. The McPherson 1983a and Schneider 1997 points are judged in C062 and C064.
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Reference or label "(Blau et al 1982a,b, 1984, 1991, Blum 1984)" implies two 1982 works, but the reference list has a single, unsuffixed entry "Blau PM, Blum TC, Schwartz JE. 1982."
- p. 6 Race and Ethnicity, para 3
(Blau et al 1982a,b, 1984, 1991, Blum 1984)
- p. 25 Literature Cited
Blau PM, Blum TC, Schwartz JE. 1982. Het-
- p. 6 Race and ethnicity
Blau et al 1982a,b, 1984, 1991
- p. 25 Literature cited
Blau PM, Blum TC, Schwartz JE. 1982.
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Page 6 image shows '1982a,b'. Text search of the reference list finds one Blau 1982 entry (Blau, Blum, Schwartz) with no letter; elsewhere the paper cites 'Blau et al 1982' unsuffixed. Whether a second 1982 item was dropped or the suffixes are leftovers is for the authors.
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Reference or label Footnote 11 (p. 425): "Verbrugge (1984) also found that age dissimilarity of best friends actually increased their frequency of contact." The reference list has only Verbrugge 1977 and 1983.
- p. 11 footnote 11
Verbrugge (1984) also found that age
- p. 30 Literature Cited
Verbrugge LM. 1983. A research note on adult
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Footnote read on the p. 425 image and the reference list on p. 444: the only Verbrugge entries are 1977 (Soc. Forces 56) and 1983 ("A research note on adult friendship contact: a dyadic perspective", Soc. Forces 62). No 1984 entry exists. The 1983 title fits the claim about frequency of contact, so 1984 is probably a wrong year, but it could be an omitted work; the authors would have to say.
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Reference or label "shared cultural tastes (Mark 1999)" is cited on p. 435, but the Literature Cited has no entry for Mark 1999.
- p. 21 Cognitive Processes
shared cultural tastes (Mark 1999)
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Viewed p. 21 and the reference list on p. 28, where the alphabetical sequence runs Maccoby, Marks SR 1994, Marsden with no "Mark" entry. A search of the full text finds "Mark" only in this citation and in Marks (1994). Marks 1994 concerns intimacy among co-workers and is cited separately on the same page, so it is not an evident match for this citation.
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Reference or label Reference-list volume, journal and initial slips: "J. Politics 4: 953–75" (Caldeira & Patterson 1987); "Acad. Mgmt. Rev. 38:673–703" (Ibarra 1995); "McPherson JM. 1983a ... Soc. Forces 64:1044–64"; "Am. Polit. Sci. Rev. 41:1201–23" (Schneider et al 1997); "Lin N, Ensel N, Vaughn JC. 1981a" beside "Lin N, Ensel WM, Vaughn JC. 1981b".
- p. 26 Literature Cited
friendship in the legislature. J. Politics 4:
- p. 26 Caldeira & Patterson
J. Politics 4:
- p. 27 Ibarra 1995
Acad. Mgmt. Rev. 38:673–703
- p. 28 Lin, Ensel N
Lin N, Ensel N, Vaughn JC. 1981a
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Rests on outside knowledge: that J. Politics was in volume 49 in 1987, that volume 38 (1995) with these pages is the Academy of Management Journal rather than the Review, that Social Forces volume 64 is not 1983, and that volume 41 in 1997 is Am. J. Polit. Sci. rather than Am. Polit. Sci. Rev. All five strings are printed as quoted (p26, p27, p28, p29). Support from inside the list: Brass 1985 is "Acad. Mgmt. J. 28", so ten years later volume 38 fits the Journal; the list gives Soc. Forces 62 for 1983–84 items (Fischer & Oliker 1983, Verbrugge 1983, Billy et al 1984) and 59 for 1981, so volume 64 does not fit a 1983 date; and the co-author's initials differ between the two Lin 1981 entries ("Ensel N" / "Ensel WM"). The J. Politics and Am. Polit. Sci. Rev. items have no check inside the document. The authors should confirm the correct volumes and journals.
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Reference or label Reference list: "McPherson JM. 1983a. The size of voluntary associations. Soc. Forces 64:1044–64" pairs year 1983 with volume 64, although the same list gives Soc. Forces volume 62 for 1983 and 1984 and volume 59 for 1981.
- p. 28 Literature Cited
associations. Soc. Forces 64:1044–64
- p. 30 Literature Cited
Forces 62:78–83
- p. 28 Literature Cited
McPherson JM. 1983a. The size of voluntary associations. Soc. Forces 64:1044–64
- p. 28 Literature cited
McPherson JM. 1983a. The size of voluntary
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Read the entry on the page 28 image. Other Soc. Forces entries in the list: 59 for 1981 (McPherson 1981; Lin et al 1981b), 62 for 1983 (Verbrugge 62:78–83; Fischer & Oliker 62:124–33) and for 1984 (Blau et al, Blum, Feld, Sampson), 68 and 69 for 1990, 69 for 1991. On that sequence volume 64 falls around 1985–86, and a 1983 article at pages 1044–64 (late in a volume) would be volume 61. Either the year or the volume is wrong; which one is for the authors to say. The volume may have been copied from the end page "64".
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Reference or label Reference list: "Schneider M, Teske P, Roch C, Marschall C. 1997. Networks to nowhere: segregation and stratification in networks of information about schools. Am. Polit. Sci. Rev. 41:1201–23"; the journal name and volume 41 for 1997 appear not to belong together.
- p. 29 Literature Cited
about schools. Am. Polit. Sci. Rev. 41:1201–
- p. 29 Literature cited
C. 1997. Networks to nowhere: segregation
- p. 29 Literature cited
Am. Polit. Sci. Rev. 41:1201–
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Rests on outside knowledge: that the American Political Science Review was at about volume 91 in 1997 and that volume 41 in 1997 is the American Journal of Political Science, where this article appeared. The page 29 image prints the entry exactly as quoted. No other entry in the list cites either journal, so nothing in the files settles it; the authors should confirm the journal.
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42 minor (typos and the like; most checked by the judge only)
Reference or label "voluntary associations (McPherson & Smith-Lovin 1982, 1986, 1987, Popielarz 1999)": the reference list has Popielarz 1999a and 1999b, and the citation carries no letter.
- p. 10 top paragraph
1982, 1986, 1987, Popielarz 1999)
- p. 29 Literature Cited
Popielarz PA. 1999b. Organizational con-
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Citation read on the p. 424 image; the list on p. 443 has 1999a (gender segregation in voluntary organizations, Gender Soc.) and 1999b (Res. Sociol. Org.). Other citations use the letters (1999a on p. 432, 1999b on p. 437). The context (sex segregation of voluntary associations) points to 1999a, but only the authors can confirm.
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Reference or label The reference list has two entries "McPherson JM. 1981." ("Voluntary affiliation: a structural approach" and "A dynamic model of voluntary affiliation. Soc. Forces 59:705–21") with no a/b suffix, and the text cites "(McPherson 1981, pp. 718–20)".
- p. 18 para 4
(McPherson 1981, pp. 718–20)
- p. 28 Literature Cited
McPherson JM. 1981. Voluntary affiliation: a
- p. 28 Literature Cited
McPherson JM. 1981. A dynamic model of vol-
- p. 18 Voluntary associations paragraph
McPherson 1981, pp. 718–20
Judge's note: Viewed p. 18 and the reference list on p. 28. Both 1981 entries are printed without letters, while the 1983 entries directly below are labelled 1983a and 1983b. The cited pages 718–20 fall only within the Social Forces article (705–21; the chapter is pp. 325–52), so the reader can work out which is meant; the defect is the missing a/b labels.
Second check: another model agreed
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Typo The reference list has "Cook M. 2000. The social structure of political behavior: action, interaction and Congressional cosponsorship. Unpubl. doctoral diss., Univ. Ariz." while the byline gives the co-author as "James M Cook" (so "Cook JM" in the list's style).
- p. 26 Literature Cited
Cook M. 2000. The social structure of polit-
- p. 1 byline
James M Cook
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Byline on p1 reads "James M Cook"; the entry on p26 reads "Cook M. 2000". The list gives full initials elsewhere (e.g. "McPherson JM"). The text cites "Cook (2000)" on Congressional co-sponsorship, and the dissertation is from the University of Arizona, the first two authors' department, so it is very probably the co-author's dissertation with the first initial dropped. Only the authors can confirm it is the same person.
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Typo "Nichomachean Ethics" in the text (PDF page 2) and "Rhetoric. Nichomachean ethics" in the reference list (PDF page 25); the usual spelling is Nicomachean.
- p. 2 p. 416
Nichomachean Ethics
- p. 25 reference list
Nichomachean
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Rests on outside knowledge: the standard English spelling of the title is 'Nicomachean'. Both instances read on the images. 'Nichomachean' is a common variant and is used consistently in the paper, so this is cosmetic.
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Typo Stray word in "“birds of a feather flock together,” which as has been used to summarize the empirical pattern ever since."
- p. 3 para 2
which as has been used to summarize
Judge's note: Page 3 image shows 'which as has been used' with the words separately printed; the 'as' is superfluous. Not an extraction artefact.
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Typo Footnote 3: "Diogeniasnus’ observation that “Jackdaw percheth beside Jackdaw”"; the name is misspelled (Diogenianus).
- p. 3 footnote 3
Diogeniasnus’ observation
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Rests on outside knowledge: the paroemiographer's name is Diogenianus. The page 3 image prints 'Diogeniasnus', which is not a recognised form of any name.
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Typo Author name printed as "Schofeld" in the text ("see review in Schofeld 1995") and in the reference list ("Schofeld JW. 1995. Review of research on school desegregation’s impact..."); the author is Schofield.
- p. 3 para 4
(see review in Schofeld 1995)
- p. 29 Literature Cited
Schofeld JW. 1995. Review of research on
- p. 3 p. 417
Schofeld 1995
- p. 29 reference list
Schofeld JW. 1995
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Rests on outside knowledge: the author of this Handbook of Research on Multicultural Education chapter is Janet W. Schofield. Images of page 3 and the page 29 crop both print 'Schofeld' with no 'i' and no fi ligature. The citation and the entry agree with each other, so the pointer resolves; cosmetic.
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Typo Footnote 5 contains a stray superscript footnote marker inside its own text: "to refer to selections within voluntary organizations5], notice that we use".
- p. 5 footnote 5
voluntary organizations5], notice that we use
- p. 5 Footnote 5
voluntary organizations5], notice that
- p. 5 footnote 5, p. 419
voluntary organizations5]
Judge's note: Page 5 image shows a printed superscript 5 before the closing bracket inside footnote 5; it points to nothing but the footnote itself. Not an extraction artefact.
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Typo Missing punctuation: "mention having a person of another race with whom they “discuss important matters” less than one seventh the heterogeneity that we would observe".
- p. 6 Race and Ethnicity, para 2
matters” less than one seventh the heterogeneity
Judge's note: Page 6 image shows no dash, comma or semicolon between 'matters”' and 'less than one seventh'; two clauses run together as printed.
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Typo "much more heterogenous advice and support networks" (PDF page 7) and "roughly 70% as sex heterogenous" (PDF page 9), while the paper elsewhere writes "heterogeneous" (e.g. "more heterogeneous cliques", "sex heterogeneous tie").
- p. 7 p. 421
much more heterogenous advice and support networks
- p. 9 p. 423
roughly 70% as sex heterogenous
Judge's note: Both crops show 'heterogenous'; the page 9 crop also shows 'heterogeneous' a few lines above. 'Heterogenous' is a listed variant, so this is an internal spelling inconsistency only.
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Typo Author names misspelled: "Huckfedlt & Sprague" (footnote 9 on p. 423 and twice on p. 429; "Huckfeldt" in the body of p. 423 and in the reference list); "Galazkiewicz (1985)" on p. 433 ("Galaskiewicz" elsewhere and in the list); "Lazega & Van Duijin (1997)" on p. 434 and "Van Dujin M. 1997" in the reference list (the list's own 1999 entry has "van Duijn MAJ").
- p. 9 footnote 9
When Huckfedlt & Sprague (1995:197–99)
- p. 15 top paragraph
1989, Huckfedlt & Sprague 1995)
- p. 15 top paragraph
Knoke 1990, Huckfedlt & Sprague 1995)
- p. 15 Attitudes section
Huckfedlt & Sprague 1995
Judge's note: All spellings read on the page images. Huckfedlt appears three times (fn 9, p. 429 twice) against Huckfeldt on p. 423 and in the list. Galazkiewicz appears once on p. 433 against Galaskiewicz on pp. 427, 435 and in the list. Van Duijin (text) and Van Dujin (list) differ from each other and from "van Duijn" in footnote 17 and the 1999 list entry. The "Calderia" spelling raised here is handled under C027. The location given as PDF page 10 for Calderia is wrong; it is on pages 15 and 21.
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Typo "This patterns appears because spouses are quite unlikely to know other-sex friends." Number disagreement; should read "This pattern appears".
- p. 9 para 4
This patterns appears because spouses
Judge's note: Read on the page image of p. 423; printed as quoted.
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Typo "often reflecting the perseverence of ties formed in childhood": misspelling of "perseverance".
- p. 10 Age, last paragraph
perseverence of ties formed in childhood
Judge's note: Read on the p. 424 image; printed as quoted.
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Typo "had at least two dimensions: One was the dominant action of social status, education, and income, while the other represented a contrast between ...": "action" appears to be a wrong word (the sense is a dimension or axis).
- p. 12 p. 426, Education section
One was the dominant action of social status, education, and income
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Read on the p. 426 image; "action" is printed. The sentence lists two dimensions, and "dominant action of social status" does not parse as a dimension; "axis" or "dimension" seems intended. The intended word cannot be established from the files, so this is a query.
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Typo "Kinship ties tend to introduce educational and class hetergeneity into confiding and support networks": misspelling of "heterogeneity".
- p. 13 first line
educational and class hetergeneity
Judge's note: Read on the crop of p. 427, first line; printed as quoted.
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Typo "share their behavior patterns, either of achievement or delinquence": "delinquence" where the usual form is "delinquency".
- p. 14 p. 428, Behavior
either of achievement or delinquence
Judge's note: Read on the crop of p. 428; printed as quoted. "Delinquence" is a rare variant rather than a non-word, so this is a minor point of usage.
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Typo "legislative seating (Calderia & Patterson 1987)" (pp. 429-430) and "Calderia & Patterson (1987) found that political leadership roles" (p. 435): the name is "Caldeira" on p. 433 and in the reference list ("Caldeira GA, Patterson SC. 1987").
- p. 15 Geography, last line
legislative seating (Calderia &
- p. 21 para 2
Calderia & Patterson (1987) found that political
- p. 21 p. 435
Calderia & Patterson (1987) found
- p. 19 p. 433 (correct form)
Caldeira & Patterson (1987) found
Judge's note: All three spellings read on the images: Calderia on p. 429 and p. 435, Caldeira on p. 433 and in the list on p. 440. This cluster carries the Calderia spelling; C018 carries the other names. One reviewer also says the list's "J. Politics 4: 953–75" should be volume 49. The list does print volume 4 with pages 953-75, which looks unlikely for an early volume, but the true volume is outside knowledge and cannot be checked here; that part would be a query to the authors.
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Typo "but it unclear whether this homophily is due to actual political similarity": the verb "is" is missing ("but it is unclear").
- p. 15 top paragraph
it unclear whether this homophily
- p. 15 p. 429, political orientations sentence
but it unclear whether this homophily
- p. 15
but it unclear whether this homophily is due to actual political similarity
Judge's note: Read on the p. 429 image; the line break falls after "but" and the next line starts "it unclear whether". No word is hidden by the break.
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Typo "(Gans 1968, Michaelson 1976)" on p. 429 and "Michaelson W. 1976. Man and His Urban Environment: A Sociological Approach" in the reference list: the author's name is said to be Michelson.
- p. 15 Geography
Michaelson 1976
- p. 29 Literature Cited
Michaelson W. 1976. Man and His Urban Envi-
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Rests on outside knowledge: that the author of Man and His Urban Environment is William Michelson. The paper prints "Michaelson" consistently in the text (p. 429) and the list (p. 443), so nothing in the files shows the spelling to be wrong.
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Typo Author name misspelled on p. 433: "Galazkiewicz (1985) found that nonprofit officers"; elsewhere and in the reference list it is "Galaskiewicz".
- p. 19 last paragraph
Galazkiewicz (1985) found that nonprofit officers
- p. 19 p. 433
Galazkiewicz (1985)
- p. 21 p. 435
Galaskiewicz (1985)
Judge's note: Viewed p. 19 ("Galazkiewicz (1985)") and p. 21 ("Galaskiewicz (1985)"). The reference list entry reads "Galaskiewicz J. 1985" (text layer, line 1340), and p. 22 has "Galaskiewicz & Shatin 1981". The z spelling on p. 19 is the odd one out.
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Typo "occupational prestige; Peoples’ choices of close associates": capital letter after a semicolon and misplaced apostrophe (people’s).
- p. 19 para 2
occupational prestige; Peoples’ choices
Judge's note: Viewed p. 19. The page image shows "prestige; Peoples’ choices" exactly as quoted; it is not an extraction artefact.
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Typo Fischer's (1982) study is "Northern California Community Study" on p. 433 but "networks in North California communities" on p. 437.
- p. 19 para 1
Fischer’s (1982) Northern California
- p. 23 Need for Studies of Multiplexity
networks in North
- p. 23 Need for Studies of Multiplexity, first sentence
classic study of networks in North California communities
- p. 19 First paragraph
Fischer’s (1982) Northern California Community Study
Judge's note: Viewed p. 19 and p. 23; both readings are printed as quoted. The second is a description, not the study's title, so it is a small wording inconsistency.
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Typo One surname is spelled three ways: "Lazega & Van Duijin (1997)" in the text (p. 434), "Lazega E, Van Dujin M. 1997" in the reference list (p. 442), and "van Duijn" in footnote 17 and the 1999 reference entry.
- p. 20 Isomorphic Sources, para 2
Lazega & Van
- p. 20 Isomorphic Sources, para 2
Duijin (1997) found that position
- p. 28 Literature Cited
Van Dujin M. 1997. Position in
- p. 30 Literature Cited
van Duijn MAJ, van Busschbach JT, Snijders
Judge's note: Viewed p. 20 ("Van Duijin"), p. 28 ("Van Dujin M. 1997") and p. 24 footnote 17 ("van Duijn et al (1999)"). The entry on p. 30 reads "van Duijn MAJ, van Busschbach JT, Snijders" in the text layer (page image not opened). The text citation and the reference entry for the 1997 paper disagree with each other and with the 1999 entry.
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Typo "increased entrepreneur’s odds of gaining access to resources": singular possessive with no article where the plural "entrepreneurs’" appears intended.
- p. 20 p. 434, first lines
increased entrepreneur’s odds of gaining access
Judge's note: Viewed p. 20. Printed as quoted; the next sentence refers to "women entrepreneurs" in the plural. With no article, the singular does not read correctly, but it is a small point.
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Typo Unbalanced parentheses: "men’s friendships to form at work (Marks (1994), friendships formed through this spousal role".
- p. 21 para 1
form at work (Marks (1994), friendships
- p. 21 p. 435
men’s friendships to form at work (Marks (1994),
- p. 21 Family roles paragraph
(Marks (1994),
- p. 21
tendency of men’s friendships to form at work (Marks (1994),
Judge's note: Viewed p. 21. The image shows "(Marks (1994)," with two opening parentheses and one closing one; it should read "(Marks 1994)".
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Typo "investment banking division of a large financial organization; In this case, a tie was being involved": capitalised word after a semicolon.
- p. 22 p. 436
financial organization; In this case
Judge's note: Viewed p. 22. Printed as quoted: a semicolon followed by a capital "In".
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Typo Garbled sentence on p. 438: "we have little comprehensive information of how the two processes interrelate or about their relative strength of the two processes are highly tentative."
- p. 24 top paragraph
or about their relative strength of the two processes
- p. 24 First paragraph
or about their relative strength of the two processes are highly tentative
Judge's note: Viewed p. 24. The image shows the sentence as quoted, with footnote marker 17 after "interrelate" and no words missing. "their relative strength of the two processes" is doubled and "are highly tentative" has no subject; two drafts appear to have been merged. The meaning can still be recovered.
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Typo "a combination of the two themes that we discuss above’ the need for expanded consideration of multiplexity": an apostrophe is printed where a colon or dash is needed.
- p. 24 Need for Study of the Co-evolution, para 1
cuss above’ the need for expanded
- p. 24 Need for Study of the Co-evolution of Foci and Networks, first sentence
cuss above’ the need for expanded consideration
Judge's note: Viewed p. 24. The image shows a raised apostrophe-like mark after "above" with no opening quotation mark; a colon or dash introducing the two themes is evidently intended.
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Typo The same edited volume is listed with different editor initials: Burt 1990 has "ed. C Calhoun, MW Meyer, WR Scott, pp. 411–51. New York: Cambridge" and Marsden 1990 has "ed. C Calhoun, M Meyer, RS Scott, pp. 397–410. New York: Cambridge".
- p. 25 Literature Cited, Burt 1990
Meyer, WR Scott, pp. 411–51. New York:
- p. 28 Literature Cited, Marsden 1990
Meyer, RS Scott, pp. 397–410. New York:
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Read both entries on the page images (p25 and p28). Both are chapters in Structures of Power and Constraint (New York: Cambridge, 1990) with adjoining page ranges, so it is one book. The editors' initials differ (MW Meyer / M Meyer; WR Scott / RS Scott); "WR" and "RS" cannot both be right. Giving the subtitle in only one entry is legitimate and is not part of the defect. Which initials are correct cannot be told from the files.
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Typo Acknowledgments: "comments on earllier drafts of this chapter" — "earllier" should be "earlier".
- p. 25 Acknowledgments
comments on earllier drafts
- p. 25 Acknowledgments
comments on earllier drafts of this chapter
- p. 25 Acknowledgments
earllier drafts
Judge's note: The double l is printed on the page image of p25.
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Typo Misspellings in the Literature Cited: "Racial inequality and dalience" (Blum 1984), "Entreprenuership in a Global Context" (Aldrich et al 1996), "Rackman transl." (Aristotle 1934), "netowrking among neighborhood" (Galaskiewicz & Shatin 1981), "si-miliarity among friends: an intergative model" (Jussim & Osgood 1989), "husband's and wive's occupations" (Hout 1982), "Research in Organizational Behavion" (Pfeffer 1983), "a multilevel anaysis" (Popielarz 1999a), "Haythronwaite C" (Wellman et al 1996).
- p. 25 Literature Cited
Racial inequality and dalience:
- p. 25 reference list
Entreprenuership in a Global Context
- p. 25 Blum 1984
inequality and dalience
- p. 25 Aristotle
Rackman transl.
Judge's note: Each spelling was read on the page images of p25, p26, p27, p29 and p30 and is printed as quoted. Evident fixes: salience, Entrepreneurship, networking, similarity, integrative, wives', Behavior, analysis. Two items rest on outside knowledge of proper names (translator H. Rackham; co-author Haythornthwaite) and should be treated as queries. "A Dumptarian reconsideration" (Wellman 1996) is excluded: as far as I can tell that is the published title of the article, not a misprint, and it cannot be shown wrong from the files. This cluster is the omnibus entry; C051, C056, C059 and C060 repeat single items from it.
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Typo Aldrich, Elam & Reese 1996: publisher printed as "London: Rut-ledge" (Routledge); the same entry also has "Entreprenuership in a Global Context".
- p. 25 Literature Cited
treprenuership in a Global Context
- p. 25 Literature Cited
Birley, I MacMillan, pp. 1–25. London: Rut-
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Rests on outside knowledge: that the London publisher is Routledge, not "Rutledge". Read on the p25 image: "In En-treprenuership in a Global Context. ed. S Birley, I MacMillan, pp. 1–25. London: Rut-ledge". The "Entreprenuership" misspelling is already counted in C048; this cluster is kept for the publisher name, which C048 does not include.
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Typo Aldrich, Reese & Dubini 1989: "Women on the verge of a breakthrough’: Networking among entrepreneurs" has a closing quotation mark with no opening one.
- p. 25 Literature Cited
on the verge of a breakthrough’: Networking
Judge's note: On the p25 image the title begins "Women on the verge" with no opening quotation mark and has a closing mark after "breakthrough". Unpaired mark.
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Typo Reference list: the Smith 2000 entry ends "Public Opin. Q. 64:" with no page numbers; also "Women on the verge of a breakthrough’: Networking" has a closing quote with no opening quote, and "Blau PM. 1977 Inequality" and "Hurlbert JS. 1986 Social" lack the period after the year.
- p. 29 Literature Cited
Opin. Q. 64:
- p. 25 Aldrich, Reese, Dubini
on the verge of a breakthrough’: Networking
- p. 25 Blau 1977
Blau PM. 1977 Inequality
- p. 26 Campbell et al 1986
Hurlbert JS. 1986 Social
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: All four read on images. Page 29: the Smith entry stops after the volume and colon and the next entry (Smith-Lovin & McPherson 1993) begins. Page 25 crops: Aldrich, Reese & Dubini 1989 has a lone closing quote mark after "breakthrough"; Blau 1977 has no period after the year, unlike every neighbouring entry. Page 26 crop: Campbell, Marsden & Hurlbert 1986 likewise. The missing page range can only be supplied by the authors; the punctuation fixes are evident.
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Typo Duncan, Featherman & Duncan 1972 is listed as "Sociometric Background and Achievement. New York: Seminar"; the title is probably "Socioeconomic Background and Achievement".
- p. 26 Literature Cited
Sociometric Background and Achievement.
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Rests on outside knowledge: that the 1972 Seminar Press book by Duncan, Featherman and Duncan is titled Socioeconomic Background and Achievement. The p26 image prints "Sociometric Background and Achievement". Nothing in the files gives the true title.
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Typo Feld 1981 is listed as "The focused organization of or-ganizational ties. Am. J. Sociol. 86:1015–35"; the title is probably "The focused organization of social ties".
- p. 26 Literature Cited
Feld S. 1981. The focused organization of or-
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Rests on outside knowledge: that Feld's 1981 Am. J. Sociol. article (86:1015–35) is titled "The focused organization of social ties". The p26 image prints "organizational ties". Nothing in the files gives the true title.
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Typo Sociology of Education is abbreviated "Soc. Educ. 61:227–39" in the Shrum et al 1988 entry but "Sociol. Educ." in the Cohen 1977 and Greenberger & Sorenson 1971 entries.
- p. 29 Literature Cited, Shrum et al 1988
mophily. Soc. Educ. 61:227–39
- p. 26 Literature Cited, Cohen 1977
geneity. Sociol. Educ. 50:227–41
Judge's note: Read on the page 29 image (Shrum) and the page 26 crops (Cohen "Sociol. Educ. 50:227–41"; Greenberger & Sorenson "Sociol. Educ. 44:198–216"). The list uses "Soc." for Social (Soc. Forces, Soc. Networks) and "Sociol." for Sociology/Sociological, so the Shrum entry is the odd one out. Cosmetic.
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Typo Reference list: "Tuma NB, Hallinan MZ. 1979. The effects of sex, race and achievement on schoolchildren’s friendships" gives Hallinan's initials as MZ; the other entries give "Hallinan MT".
- p. 30 Literature Cited
Hallinan MZ. 1979. The effects
- p. 26 Literature Cited
Hallinan MT, Smith SS. 1985. The effects of
Judge's note: Page 30 image prints "Hallinan MZ". The list has "Eder D, Hallinan MT. 1978", "Hallinan MT, Smith SS. 1985" (page 26 crop) and "Hallinan MT, Williams R. 1989" (page 27 crop), all on children's and students' friendships, so the same author is meant.
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Typo Reference list gives the same co-author two sets of initials: "Lin N, Ensel N, Vaughn JC. 1981a" and "Lin N, Ensel WM, Vaughn JC. 1981b".
- p. 28 Literature Cited
Ensel N, Vaughn JC. 1981a. Social
- p. 28 Literature Cited
Lin N, Ensel WM, Vaughn JC. 1981b. Social
- p. 28
Lin N, Ensel N, Vaughn JC. 1981a.
Judge's note: Both entries read on the page 28 image, one directly above the other. Same three-author team, same year; "Ensel N" in 1981a looks like a repeat of Lin's initial. The list itself supports "WM" only by the second entry, so the fix is probable, not certain.
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Typo Reference list (Pfeffer 1983): "Research in Organizational Behavion, Vol. 5"; "Behavion" should be "Behavior".
- p. 29 Literature Cited
Research in Organizational Behavion
- p. 29
Research in Organizational Behavion, Vol.
Judge's note: Read on the page 29 image: the italic title ends "Behavion". Plain misspelling.
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Typo Reference list (Popielarz 1999a): "(In)voluntary association: a multilevel anaysis of gender segregation"; "anaysis" should be "analysis".
- p. 29 Literature Cited
a multilevel anaysis of gender segrega-
- p. 29
association: a multilevel anaysis of gender segrega-
Judge's note: Read on the page 29 image, last line of the left column: "a multilevel anaysis of gender segrega-". Plain misspelling.
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Typo Reference list (Wellman et al 1996): "Wellman B, Salaff J, Dimitrova D, Garton L, Gulia M, Haythronwaite C. 1996"; the last author's surname appears misspelled (Haythornthwaite).
- p. 30 Literature Cited
Haythronwaite C. 1996.
- p. 30
L, Gulia M, Haythronwaite C. 1996.
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Rests on outside knowledge: that the co-author of this Annu. Rev. Sociol. 22 article is Caroline Haythornthwaite. The page 30 image prints "Haythronwaite". The name occurs nowhere else in the article, so the files do not give the correct spelling, though the "ro" for "or" transposition is apparent.
Second check: none (judge only)