Imaging Intracellular Fluorescent Proteins at Nanometer Resolution
Science, 2006 · paper · Instrumentation
Introduces photoactivated localization microscopy, which activates, localizes and bleaches sparse subsets of fluorescent proteins to build superresolution images. Localization reaches about 2 to 25 nanometers, shown in lysosomes, mitochondria and fixed cells.
Checked: PDF from janelia.org, fetched 4 Oct 2026. Page numbers are those of that PDF.
2 findings
Reference or label Fig. 1 caption gives both laser wavelengths in millimetres: "with a brief laser pulse at λact = 405 mm and then imaged at λexc = 561 mm"; the body text gives 405 nm and 561 nm.
- p. 3 Fig. 1 caption, line 4
405 mm
- p. 3 Fig. 1 caption, line 5
561 mm until most are
- p. 2 Body text, right column
405 nm) capable of activating
- p. 4 Body text, left column, end of first paragraph
561 nm.
Judge's note: Zoomed crops of the Fig. 1 caption on PDF page 3 show 'mm' in upright caption type after both 405 and 561 (one reviewer's claim that 405 is printed with 'nm' is wrong: both are 'mm'). It is not the mu-to-m extraction artefact: the same caption's scale line and the Fig. 2 scale bars render a visible μ, whereas these two are plain 'mm'. Body text on page 2 ('λexc = 561 nm', 'λact = 405 nm') and page 4 ('λexc = 561 nm') gives nanometres. Unit error, evident fix: nm.
Second check: another model agreed
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Reference or label Fig. 1 caption gives laser wavelengths in millimetres: "λact = 405 mm and then imaged at λexc = 561 mm"; the unit should be nm.
- p. 3
at lact 0 405 mm and then imaged at lexc 0 561 mm
- p. 3 Fig. 1 caption
lact 0 405 mm
- p. 3 Fig. 1 caption
lexc 0 561 mm
Judge's note: The crop of the p.3 Fig. 1 caption clearly shows 'mm' after both 405 and 561. The main text uses nm for the same lasers (λact = 405 nm; λexc = 561 nm, text lines 181/203/371). This is a wrong unit label, and the fix is evident.
Second check: another model agreed
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6 minor (typos and the like; most checked by the judge only)
Reference or label Fig. 1 caption "Scale: 1 × 1 μm in (F) and (F′), 4 × 4 μm elsewhere" does not hold for the three (G) panels, which show the single molecule from the small boxed region of panel A at roughly 1 × 1 μm.
- p. 3 Fig. 1 caption, last sentence
(F′), 4 × 4 μm elsewhere.
- p. 3 Fig. 1, panel G (top row) and boxed region in panel A
G
Judge's note: Rendered Fig. 1 at 5x from the PDF. The box in panel A (and A') spans about a quarter of the panel width, and G (left) shows the same single molecule with about 7 camera pixels across, the same pixel count as the 1 × 1 μm panel F; the 4 × 4 μm panels A to D show far more pixels. So the G panels are about 1 μm wide, estimated by eye, and no separate scale is given for G. 'Elsewhere' was probably meant for the frame panels A to E only; a caption imprecision, not a data error.
Second check: another model agreed
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Wording "At typical frame rates of ~0.5 to 1.0 s" gives a rate in seconds; the values are frame times (s per frame), not rates.
- p. 2 Right column, paragraph beginning 'Initial image frames'
At typical frame rates of ~0.5 to 1.0 s
- p. 2 Right column, paragraph beginning 'Initial image frames'
At typical frame rates of
Judge's note: Read the crop of PDF page 2, right column: the image prints 'At typical frame rates of ~0.5 to 1.0 s'. Seconds is a duration, so the quantity is mislabelled. The next clause (2 to 12 hours per stack) shows seconds per frame is meant, so the meaning is recoverable; this is loose wording, not a wrong value.
Second check: another model agreed
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Typo "Higher excitation cross-sectional σ and fluorescence quantum efficiency Φ can speed this process": the adjective 'cross-sectional' stands where the noun 'cross section' is needed.
- p. 3 Right column, first paragraph
Higher excitation cross-sectional
Judge's note: Read the crop of PDF page 3, right column: the image prints 'Higher excitation cross-sectional σ and fluorescence quantum efficiency Φ'. σ is the excitation cross section; the adjective has no noun and is not parallel with 'quantum efficiency Φ'. The article itself uses the noun later ('large cross-sections', page 5). Copy-editing slip with no change in meaning.
Second check: none (judge only)
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Typo Eos constructs are named inconsistently and without definition: "dEosFP-fused Gag" (text) vs "Gag tagged with dEos" (Fig. 4 caption); "dEos-fused vinculin" vs "dEosFP-tagged cytochrome-C oxidase"; "tandem-dimer EosFP-fused actin" (text) vs "tdEos-tagged actin" (caption).
- p. 4 Right column, last paragraph
PALM (Fig. 4B) images of dEos-fused vinculin
- p. 4 Middle column, paragraph beginning 'In Fig. 3'
PALM images of dEosFP-tagged
- p. 4 Right column, last paragraph
4C) of tandem-dimer EosFP-fused actin
- p. 5 Fig. 4 caption (C)
of a FoLu cell expressing tdEos-tagged actin
Judge's note: Checked the page 4 crop (right column: 'dEos-fused vinculin', 'tandem-dimer EosFP-fused actin'), the page 5 image (text 'dEosFP-fused Gag'; Fig. 4 caption 'dEos-tagged vinculin', 'tdEos-tagged actin', 'Gag tagged with dEos') and the page 4 text ('dEosFP-tagged'). The article introduces only 'Eos Fluorescent Protein (EosFP)' and 'the various oligomers of EosFP'; neither the 'd' prefix nor 'tdEos' is defined. Meaning is recoverable; abbreviation consistency only.
Second check: none (judge only)
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Typo Awkward or elliptical phrasing: "dEos-fused vinculin at focal adhesion regions (fig. S7) of a fox lung fibroblast (FoLu) cell to a cover slip" appears to lack a word such as 'attached'.
- p. 4 Results, Fig. 4 paragraph
fibroblast (FoLu) cell to a cover slip
- p. 4 right column, vinculin paragraph
a fox lung fibroblast (FoLu) cell to a cover slip
- p. 4
of a fox lung fibroblast (FoLu) cell to a cover slip
Judge's note: The crop of p.4, right column, confirms the printed wording. The phrase can be parsed as 'adhesion ... of a cell to a cover slip', but 'regions' sits in between, so it reads as though a word has been dropped. The meaning is still clear, so this is cosmetic.
Second check: none (judge only)
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Typo Reference 16 prints the last author as "G. J. Brackenhoff, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 16, 909 (1999)"; the surname is said to be Brakenhoff.
- p. 5 References and Notes, ref. 16
G. J. Brackenhoff, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 16, 909 (1999).
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Rests on outside knowledge: that the last author of van Oijen et al., J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 16, 909 (1999) spells the surname 'Brakenhoff' without a 'c'. The crop of the reference list on PDF page 5 does print 'G. J. Brackenhoff', so the quote is accurate and not an extraction artefact; the correct spelling cannot be checked from the files provided.
Second check: none (judge only)