A Reconstruction of Regional and Global Temperature for the Past 11,300 Years
Science, 2013 · paper · Earth science
Reconstructs regional and global temperatures over the past 11,300 years from 73 records. It finds mid-to-late Holocene cooling of about 0.7°C, with the past decade warmer than about 75% of the Holocene but not yet above peak interglacial values.
Checked: PDF from web.math.princeton.edu, fetched 4 Oct 2026. Page numbers are those of that PDF.
3 findings
Reference or label Text cites the regional temperature stacks as "(Fig. 2H)", "(Fig. 2I)", "(Fig. 2J)" and "(Fig. 2, H to J)", but in Fig. 2 and its caption these are panels I, J and K ("(I to K) Zonal mean temperature reconstructions for 60° latitude bands"); panel H is "(H) Volcanic sulfate flux".
- p. 2 Results text, right column
~100 yr B.P. (Fig. 2H)
- p. 2 Results text, right column
perature leveling off thereafter (Fig. 2I)
- p. 2 Results text, right column
2J). The Southern Hemisphere is represented by
- p. 3 Text above Fig. 1
warmth with greater wetness (Fig. 2, H to J)
Judge's note: Checked the page 4 image: the letter I sits beside the 'Temperature Stack (90 to 30N)' panel with Dongge Cave and Cariaco Basin, J beside 'Temperature Stack (30N to 30S)' with Borneo and Indonesia, K beside 'Temperature Stack (30S to 90S)', and H beside 'Normalized Volcanic Indices'. The caption agrees with the figure lettering. The text on pages 2 and 3 uses 2H for the 30-90N temperatures (and for Asian monsoon / ITCZ comparison), 2I for the low latitudes (Borneo, Indonesia), 2J for the Southern Hemisphere, and 'H to J' for all three. Every one of these pointers is one letter early; pointers to panels A to D are correct. Fix: 2I, 2J, 2K and 'I to K'.
Second check: another model agreed
Report a problem with this finding
Reference or label Fig. 2 caption cites ref. 36 for the insolation anomalies ("annual mean latitudinal insolation anomalies relative to present for the past 11,500 years (36)"), but ref. 36 is "S. Huang, Geophys. Res. Lett. 31, L13205 (2004)", which the Fig. 1 caption cites for a published temperature reconstruction ("Huange04 (36)").
- p. 4 Fig. 2 caption, panels A-C
present for the past 11,500 years (36)
- p. 5 Reference list
36. S. Huang, Geophys. Res. Lett. 31, L13205 (2004).
- p. 5 Reference list
37. A. Berger, M.-F. Loutre, Quat. Sci. Rev. 10, 297
- p. 5 Reference list
37. A. Berger, M.-F. Loutre, Quat. Sci. Rev. 10, 297 (1991).
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Rests on outside knowledge: that Berger and Loutre, Quat. Sci. Rev. 10, 297 (1991) (ref. 37) is the standard source of orbital insolation values and that Huang (2004) is a borehole temperature paper; the reference list prints no titles. What the files show on their own: the Fig. 2 caption gives (36) for panels A to C, and the Fig. 1 caption uses the same ref. 36 for one of the 'Published temperature anomaly reconstructions' plotted in panels E and F, so one entry is cited for both an insolation calculation and a temperature reconstruction. The next entry, ref. 37, is cited in the same caption for overturning-circulation proxies (see C013). The numbers in this caption look shifted by one; the authors should confirm that panels A to C should cite 37. The Huange04 spelling point that one reviewer attached here is judged under C009.
Second check: another model agreed
Report a problem with this finding
Reference or label Fig. 2 caption: "(F and G) Proxies for the strength of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (37, 38)", but ref. 37 is "A. Berger, M.-F. Loutre, Quat. Sci. Rev. 10, 297 (1991)"; the text cites ref. 29 ("B. A. A. Hoogakker et al., Paleoceanography 26, PA4214 (2011)") for the weakening of the overturning circulation.
- p. 4 Fig. 2 caption, panels F and G
(37, 38). (H) Volcanic sulfate flux
- p. 5 Reference list
37. A. Berger, M.-F. Loutre, Quat. Sci. Rev. 10, 297
- p. 4 Body text
weakened since the middle Holocene (29)
- p. 4 Fig. 2 caption, panels F and G
Proxies for the strength of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (37, 38)
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Rests on outside knowledge: that Berger and Loutre (1991) is a paper on orbital insolation values and holds no sortable-silt or Pa/Th record, and that Hoogakker et al. (2011) is a sortable-silt study; the reference list prints no titles. From the files: panels F and G show mean sortable silt size and 231Pa/230Th; ref. 38 (McManus et al., Nature 2004) is cited with ref. 37 for them, and the body text on page 4 cites (29) for 'the meridional overturning circulation (MOC) may have weakened since the middle Holocene'. Ref. 37 is cited nowhere else in the article, and the same caption cites 36 for insolation (C012). Kept separate from C012 because it is a different citation with a different fix (probably 29, 38), which only the authors can confirm.
Second check: another model agreed
Report a problem with this finding
7 minor (typos and the like; most checked by the judge only)
Typo Doubled full stop: "9500 to 5500 yr B.P.. This warm interval is fol-" should read "B.P. This warm interval".
- p. 2 Results text, right column
9500 to 5500 yr B.P.. This warm interval
- p. 2 right column, Standard5x5 paragraph, p 1198
9500 to 5500 yr B.P.. This warm interval is fol-
Judge's note: The crop shows two dots after 'B.P' followed by a third: 'B.P.. This warm interval'. It is printed, not an extraction artefact. Elsewhere on the page a sentence ending in 'B.P.' has a single closing period (for example '~100 yr B.P. (Fig. 1B).').
Second check: none (judge only)
Report a problem with this finding
Typo Footnote "*To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: marcotts@science.oregonstate.edu" has no matching asterisk in the byline "Shaun A. Marcott,1 Jeremy D. Shakun,2 Peter U. Clark,1 Alan C. Mix1".
- p. 2 Byline
Shaun A. Marcott,1 Jeremy D. Shakun,2 Peter U. Clark,1 Alan C. Mix1
- p. 2 Footnote
*To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
- p. 2 Footnote
*To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: marcotts@science.oregonstate.edu
Judge's note: The byline crop is sharp and shows only the affiliation superscripts 1, 2, 1, 1 after the four names; no asterisk follows any name. The asterisked correspondence footnote is at the foot of the left column on page 2. The corresponding author can be inferred from the e-mail address (marcotts), so the mark is missing from the first author's name in this copy.
Second check: none (judge only)
Report a problem with this finding
Typo Fig. 1 caption and the label inside panel E read "Huange04" ("WA07 (8), Huange04 (36)"); reference 36 is "S. Huang, Geophys. Res. Lett. 31, L13205 (2004)", so the label should be Huang04.
- p. 3 Fig. 1 caption, panels E and F
Huange04
- p. 5 Reference list
36. S. Huang, Geophys. Res. Lett. 31, L13205 (2004).
- p. 3 Fig. 1 caption, panels E and F
(3), WA07 (8), Huange04
- p. 5 Reference list
8. C. M. Ammann, E. R. Wahl, Clim. Change 85, 71 (2007).
Judge's note: The page 3 image shows 'Huange04' printed both inside panel E (blue label with arrow) and in the caption, so it is not an extraction artefact. The other labels are surname plus two-digit year (Moberg05, Mann08) and the caption cites ref. 36, whose sole author is S. Huang on page 5. This cluster is judged as the Huange04 misspelling; the WA07 / ref. 8 point that one reviewer attached here is judged under C010.
Second check: none (judge only)
Report a problem with this finding
Typo In Fig. 1 the axis title between panels F and H reads "Year (BP)", while the other axis titles in the figure read "Years (BP)".
- p. 3 Fig. 1, axis label under panel F
Year (BP)
Judge's note: The crop of the lower part of Fig. 1 shows 'Year (BP)' printed under panel F / above panel H. The axis titles above panels A and B and below panels I and J read 'Years (BP)' on the page image. The label is in the figure artwork, so it is absent from the text layer. Purely cosmetic.
Second check: none (judge only)
Report a problem with this finding
Typo Acknowledgments: "B. Vinther, and C. Waelbrock," appears to misspell the surname Waelbroeck.
- p. 5 Acknowledgments
C. Waelbrock
- p. 5 Acknowledgments
and C. Waelbrock,
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Rests on outside knowledge: that the data provider is the palaeoceanographer C. Waelbroeck, whose surname is spelled with 'oe'. The page 5 image prints 'C. Waelbrock' in the acknowledgments. The name occurs nowhere else in the article, so the spelling cannot be checked against the files.
Second check: none (judge only)
Report a problem with this finding
Typo The same data centre is named two ways: note 5 "NOAA National Climate Data Center (www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/paleo.html)" and the acknowledgments "the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Data Center".
- p. 5 Reference note 5
NOAA National
- p. 5 Reference note 5
Climate Data Center (www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/paleo.html)
- p. 5 Acknowledgments
Atmospheric Administration Climate Data Center and PANGAEA
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Rests on outside knowledge: that the centre at ncdc.noaa.gov was named the National Climatic Data Center, so both printed forms differ from it ('Climate' for 'Climatic'; 'National' dropped in the acknowledgments). Verifiable from the page 5 image alone: the two names in note 5 and the acknowledgments differ from each other. Cosmetic.
Second check: none (judge only)
Report a problem with this finding
Typo Ref. 27 prints the journal as "Geografia": "27. F. C. Ljungqvist, Geografia 116, 91 (2011)."; the journal is believed to be Geografie.
- p. 5 Reference list, ref. 27
27. F. C. Ljungqvist, Geografia 116, 91 (2011).
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Rests on outside knowledge: that Ljungqvist's 2011 paper at vol. 116, p. 91 appeared in the journal Geografie (Czech Geographical Society), not 'Geografia'. The crop of the reference list on PDF page 5 shows the entry exactly as quoted, with 'Geografia' in italics. The correct journal title cannot be verified from the files; a bibliographic lookup would settle it.
Second check: none (judge only)