Experimental Quantum Teleportation
1997 · paper · Physics
Describes a quantum optics experiment teleporting unknown pure polarisation states of a photon using a classical channel plus entangled correlations. Linearly and elliptically polarised states were teleported, and the results cannot be explained by a classical channel alone.
Checked: PDF from arxiv.org, fetched 4 Oct 2026. Page numbers are those of that PDF.
2 findings
Substance The elliptical state printed as "(1/√2)[(1 + i cos(2γ))| ↕⟩ + sin(2γ)| ↔⟩]" does not have the relative phase a quarter-wave plate at angle γ gives to vertical polarisation; at γ = 45° it is linear, not circular.
- p. 9 displayed (unnumbered) equation for the elliptically polarised state
[(1 + i cos(2γ))| ↕⟩ + sin(2γ)| ↔⟩]
- p. 7 alignment paragraph
coincidence count rates between A+ and A−
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Reworked: a quarter-wave plate with axis at γ to the vertical, acting on |v⟩, gives in the (v,h) basis (cos²γ + i sin²γ, (1−i) sinγ cosγ). Multiplying by the global factor (1+i) gives (cos2γ + i, sin2γ), so the state is (1/√2)[(cos2γ + i)|v⟩ + sin2γ|h⟩]; the slow-axis convention gives (1/√2)[(1 + i cos2γ)|v⟩ + i sin2γ|h⟩]. The printed form has no i on the sin2γ term, and no global phase removes the difference. Counterexample: at γ = 45° the printed state is (|v⟩+|h⟩)/√2, which is linear at 45°, whereas the plate must give circular (i,1)/√2. The norm is right (1 + cos² + sin² = 2). The printed form would hold only if |↔⟩ carried an unstated phase i relative to |h⟩; the arrow kets are never defined (every other equation uses |v⟩, |h⟩). The 'A+ and A−' point also raised here is covered by C010.
Second check: another model agreed
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Wording Appendix: "Define the normalized state |Ωl⟩ by |Ωl⟩ = √µl|εl⟩ where µl = ⟨εl|εl⟩" is inverted; a normalized state requires |Ωl⟩ = |εl⟩/√µl (equivalently |εl⟩ = √µl|Ωl⟩).
- p. 10 Appendix, first paragraph
Define the normalized state |Ωl⟩ by |Ωl⟩ = √µl|εl⟩ where µl = ⟨εl|εl⟩
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Read page 10 image; the definition is printed as quoted. Reworking: with µl = ⟨εl|εl⟩, ⟨Ωl|Ωl⟩ = µl·⟨εl|εl⟩ = µl², which is not 1 in general, so the printed state is not normalized. Eq. (14), Σµl = 2 from the trace of (1), fixes µl as the squared norm of |εl⟩, so µl cannot be read as the inverse norm. The probability |⟨φa|εl⟩|² (page 3 text) becomes µl|⟨φa|Ωl⟩|² only with |εl⟩ = √µl|Ωl⟩, which gives Eq. (16), S = Σ(1/3)µl·Tl. With the printed relation it would give Σ Tl/(3µl) instead. The definition is faulty as printed, but Eq. (16) and inequality (3) stand with the evident fix, so S3.
Second check: another model agreed
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17 minor (typos and the like; most checked by the judge only)
Wording Text says Bob's polarising beamsplitter is "orientated to transmit vertical and reflect horizontal polarisation", but in Fig. 1 path a2 (horizontal by Eqs. 8 and 11) passes straight through PBS_B and path b2 (vertical after the half wave plate) is reflected into the common output.
- p. 6 paragraph before Eq. (11)
orientated to transmit vertical and reflect horizontal polarisation
- p. 13 Fig. 1, PBS_B at Bob's end
PBS
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Eq. (8) has photon 2 as |h⟩2 in both paths; the half wave plate turns b2 to |v⟩, and Eq. (11) confirms it (c+ term α|a2⟩+β|b2⟩ becomes β|v⟩+α|h⟩). In Fig. 1, a2 runs straight through PBS_B to R_B and b2 (via λ/2) enters from the side and is reflected. As drawn, the element transmits h and reflects v, the reverse of the text. The figure is schematic, so this is a query, not a certain error; Eq. (11) is unaffected.
Second check: another model agreed
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Wording θ is defined "with respect to the horizontal direction" with "α = sin(θ) and β = cos(θ)", so θ = 0 is |h⟩; yet "we set θ = 0 and inserted the quarter wave plates at angle γ equal to 20◦ to the vertical" yields a state that reduces to |v⟩ at γ = 0.
- p. 9 paragraph on linear case
θ = 22.5◦ with respect to the horizontal direction
- p. 9 paragraph on linear case
α = sin(θ) and β = cos(θ)
- p. 9 paragraph on elliptical case
we set θ = 0 and inserted the quarter wave plates at angle γ equal to 20◦ to the vertical
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Page 9: with α = sin θ, θ = 0 gives α|v⟩+β|h⟩ = |h⟩. The printed elliptical state reduces to (1+i)/√2 |v⟩ at γ = 0, and the text says the d± outcomes (whose Eq. 11 term is the original state up to sign) are converted 'to |v⟩'. Both mean the plate acted on vertical polarisation. A likely reading is that θ = 0 means the rotator leaves the |v⟩1 of Eq. (4) unrotated (Fig. 1 places λ/4 before R(θ)), but that conflicts with the stated α = sin θ convention and no second convention is given. I searched the text and the figure captions and found no explanation.
Second check: another model agreed
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Typo Title prints "Einstein-Podolski-Rosen Channels" while the body prints "Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) correlations"; the conclusion's "disassembled into purely classical and purely nonlocal EPR correlations" also drops the noun "information" that the introduction's quotation has.
- p. 1 title
Einstein-Podolski-Rosen Channels
- p. 2 first lines
Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) correlations
- p. 10 concluding paragraph, first sentence
disassembled into purely classical and purely nonlocal EPR correlations
- p. 2 introduction, quote from ref. [1]
purely classical information and purely nonclassical Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) correlations
Judge's note: Page 1 title reads 'Podolski'; page 2 line 2 reads 'Podolsky'. The paper is inconsistent with itself, so no outside fact is needed. On page 10 the conclusion says 'purely classical and purely nonlocal EPR correlations', against 'purely classical information and purely nonclassical ... correlations' on page 2; this is a paraphrase with a missing noun, cosmetic only.
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Typo Affiliation block prints "Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare" (and "Instituto Nazionale di Fisica della Materia"), "Roma 0018, Italy", "Bristol BS12 SQZ, U.K.", and marks the third affiliation with a bare superscript "3BRIMS, Hewlett-Packard Labs.," while the others use (1) and (2).
- p. 1 affiliations
3BRIMS, Hewlett-Packard Labs.,
- p. 1 affiliations
Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
- p. 1 affiliation (1)
Roma 0018, Italy
- p. 1 affiliation 3
Bristol BS12 SQZ, U.K.
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Rests on outside knowledge: the Italian spelling 'Istituto', the five-digit Rome postal code, and the UK postcode format. All quoted strings are on the page 1 image as stated. The marker inconsistency is verifiable in the file alone: (1) and (2) are parenthesised, the third is a bare 3, and the Bristol line is upright while the other addresses are italic. 'upto a local operation' on page 2 is also present and is handled under C005.
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Typo Spelling and wording slips: "Fresnel romb polarisation rotators" / "Fresnel romb devices", "fast Pockel cells", "Work is currently under progress", "upto a local operation", and missing article in "equation (11) quarter wave plate was used".
- p. 5 first paragraph
Fresnel romb polarisation rotators
- p. 7 first paragraph
Fresnel romb devices
- p. 10 concluding paragraph
fast Pockel cells
- p. 10 concluding paragraph
Work is currently under progress
Judge's note: Each string is on the page images: 'romb' on pages 5 and 7 (and again on page 5 'angle of the Fresnel romb'), 'Pockel cells' and 'under progress' on page 10, 'upto' on page 2 (the abstract has 'up to'), and 'equation (11) quarter wave plate was used' on page 9. Purely cosmetic.
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Typo Missing full stop after a formula: "is |⟨φa|εl⟩|2 Alice sends the information" (page 3); the same omission occurs on page 4 before "The average probability, S" and before "However, we want a k-vector entangled state".
- p. 3 last paragraph
is |⟨φa|εl⟩|2 Alice sends the information
Judge's note: Page 3 image shows no full stop between the formula and 'Alice'. I also opened page 4: 'case is |⟨φa|φ_l^c⟩|² The average probability' and '|h⟩1|v⟩2) However' both lack a full stop.
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Typo Unbalanced parentheses in Eqs. (9) and (10): "(|a1⟩± |b1⟩)|v⟩1)" and "(|a1⟩∓|b1⟩)|h⟩1)" each have one opening and two closing parentheses.
- p. 6 Eq. (9)
(|a1⟩± |b1⟩)|v⟩1)
- p. 6 Eq. (10)
(|a1⟩∓|b1⟩)|h⟩1)
Judge's note: Page 6 image shows both equations with a trailing ')' that has no matching opener. Not an extraction artefact.
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Typo Duplicated word: "rotating the polarisation of the state through an an angle θB".
- p. 7 first paragraph
through an an
- p. 7 first paragraph
through an an angle θB
- p. 7 second paragraph
phase drift were minimize.
- p. 7
risation of the state through an an angle θB by means o
Judge's note: Page 7 image: 'an' ends one line and 'an angle θB' starts the next. The 'were minimize' slip also quoted here is handled under C009.
Second check: code check
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Typo Wrong verb form: "problems associated with phase drift were minimize."
- p. 7 second paragraph (filters)
associated with phase drift were minimize.
- p. 7 filters paragraph
phase drift were minimize
- p. 7
problems associated with phase drift were minimize.
Judge's note: Page 7 image, end of the filters paragraph, reads 'were minimize.'; 'minimized' is evidently meant.
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Typo Alice's detectors are written "between A+ and A−" where the rest of the paper and Fig. 1 call them D_A±.
- p. 7 third paragraph (alignment)
between A+ and A−
Judge's note: Page 7 image shows 'A+ and A−' while the same sentence writes Bob's detectors as D_B(45°) and D_B(−45°); page 6 and Fig. 1 use D_A±. Undefined shorthand, with the meaning recoverable.
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Typo Subscript dropped: "Let I(θB) be the coincidence count between DB(θ) and one of Alice’s detectors" where the detector is D_B(θ_B) elsewhere.
- p. 8 second paragraph
Let I(θB) be the coincidence count between DB(θ) and one of Alice’s
Judge's note: Page 8 image shows D_B(θ) with no subscript on θ, while I is written as a function of θ_B and pages 7 and 9 use D_B(θ_B). θ (preparer) and θ_B (Bob) are distinct in the next sentence (θ = 120°, θ_B = −30°).
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Typo Two verbs left side by side: "then Alice’s output |c+⟩ corresponds requires θB = −30◦".
- p. 8 second paragraph
then Alice’s output |c+⟩ corresponds requires θB = −30◦
- p. 8 paragraph defining I∥
Alice’s output |c+⟩ corresponds requires θB = −30◦
- p. 8 para after Eq. (11) pointer
corresponds requires θB = −30◦
- p. 8
then Alice’s output |c+⟩corresponds requires θB = −30◦.
Judge's note: Page 8 image reads 'corresponds requires'. The value is consistent with Eq. (11): the c+ term β|v⟩+α|h⟩ with α = sin θ, β = cos θ lies at 90° − θ from the horizontal.
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Typo Missing verb: "then if the quantity in (12) greater than 3/4 then the visibility is greater than 50%".
- p. 9 first paragraph
then if the quantity in (12) greater than 3/4 then
- p. 9 para after S result
if the quantity in (12) greater than 3/4
- p. 9
then if the quantity in (12) greater than 3/4
Judge's note: Page 9 image reads 'if the quantity in (12) greater than 3/4'; 'is' is missing. The content holds: with I∥ = Imax and I⊥ = Imin, visibility V = 2F − 1, so F = 3/4 gives V = 0.5.
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Typo Missing article: "To verify that the state had been teleported according to equation (11) quarter wave plate was used at Bob's end" should read "a quarter wave plate was used".
- p. 9 elliptical state paragraph
quar-ter wave plate was used at Bob’s end
Judge's note: Read page 9 image. The sentence runs "...according to equation (11) quar-ter wave plate was used at Bob's end orientated at angle γB" with no article. Elsewhere the paper writes "a quarter wave plate" (experimental set-up text, Fig. 3 caption). Cosmetic missing word.
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Typo Reference [3] prints a five-digit year: "Phys. Rev. A 51, R1727 (19955)"; evidently 1995.
- p. 11 Reference [3]
R1727 (19955)
- p. 11 Reference [3]
Europhys. Lett. 559 (1994)
- p. 11 Reference [3]
H. weinfurter
- p. 11 Reference [3]
Phys. Rev. A 51, R1727 (19955)
Judge's note: Read page 11 image; "(19955)" is printed as quoted, so it is not an extraction artefact. The duplicated digit is an evident typo. The other points in this cluster (missing Europhys. Lett. volume, lower-case "weinfurter") are judged under C019 and C021.
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Typo Reference [3] "H. Weinfurter, Europhys. Lett. 559 (1994)" gives no volume number; reference [6] ends with an unmatched closing parenthesis: "July 1995)."
- p. 11 Reference [3]
H. Weinfurter, Europhys. Lett. 559 (1994)
- p. 11 Reference [6]
July 1995).
- p. 11 Reference [3]
H. weinfurter
- p. 11 Reference [3]
Europhys. Lett. 559 (1994)
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Read page 11 image. Every other journal entry prints a bold volume then a page (70, 1895; 51, R1727; 76, 4656; 74, 1259; 75, 4337). The Europhys. Lett. entry has only "559 (1994)", so the citation is incomplete. The correct volume is not in the files, so it is a query for the authors. Reference [6] ends "...“La Sapienza”, July 1995)." with no opening parenthesis for the thesis entry. Reference [2] as a bare "preprint" is not an error. The lower-case "weinfurter" is covered by C021.
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Typo Reference [3] prints a surname in lower case: "K. Mattle, H. weinfurter, P. G. Kwiat and A. Zeilinger"; should be "H. Weinfurter".
- p. 11 Reference [3]
K. Mattle, H. weinfurter, P. G.
Judge's note: Read page 11 image; "H. weinfurter" is lower-case there, while "H. Weinfurter" is capitalised earlier in the same reference, in reference [6] and in the acknowledgements. Cosmetic typo.
Second check: none (judge only)