Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger
Centennial of General Relativity, 2017 · paper · Physics
Reports a gravitational-wave signal seen by both LIGO detectors on September 14, 2015, matching the merger of two black holes of about 36 and 29 solar masses. The authors call it the first direct detection of gravitational waves.
Checked: PDF from arxiv.org, fetched 4 Oct 2026. Page numbers are those of that PDF.
0 findings
None that passed a second check.
7 minor (typos and the like; most checked by the judge only)
Typo Fig. 1 caption: "Bottom row:A time-frequency representation" lacks the space after the colon (compare "Second row: Gravitational-wave", "Third row: Residuals").
- p. 2 Fig. 1 caption, last sentence
Bottom row:A time-frequency representation
Judge's note: Viewed the crop of the caption on page 2. The 'A' abuts the italic 'Bottom row:' while the other row labels in the same caption are followed by a space. Printed defect, not an extraction artefact.
Second check: none (judge only)
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Typo Reference entries [86] "Phys. Rev. D 89, 024003 (2014),", [96] "Phys. Rev. D 85, 082003 (2012)," and [107] "Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 051101 (2015)," end with a comma instead of a full stop.
- p. 10 Reference [86]
Phys. Rev. D 89, 024003 (2014),
- p. 10 Reference [96]
Phys. Rev. D 85, 082003 (2012),
- p. 10 Reference [107]
115, 051101 (2015),
- p. 10 Reference [107]
Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 051101 (2015),
Judge's note: Viewed the three crops and the full page 10. All three entries end with a printed comma; the neighbouring entries ([85], [87], [95], [97], [106], [108]) end with a full stop.
Second check: none (judge only)
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Typo Reference [104]: "T. Bulik, E. Berti, C. Fryer, M. Dominik, arXiv:1510.04615" has no "and" before the final author, unlike the other multi-author entries.
- p. 10 Reference [104]
C. Fryer, M. Dominik, arXiv:1510.04615
Judge's note: Viewed the crop. Entry [104] runs "C. Fryer, M. Dominik, arXiv:1510.04615" with no "and"; entries [103], [107] and [108] on the same crop all have "and" before the last author. Whether the author list is also incomplete cannot be told from the page.
Second check: none (judge only)
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Typo Reference [64]: "Gravitational Waves: Proceedings, of the 8th Edoardo Amaldi Conference, Amaldi, New York, 2009" has a stray comma between "Proceedings" and "of".
- p. 10 Reference [64]
Gravitational Waves: Proceedings, of
- p. 10 Reference [64]
Gravitational Waves: Proceedings, of the 8th Edoardo Amaldi Conference
Judge's note: Viewed the crop. The comma after "Proceedings" is printed in the italic title. The further point that "Amaldi" appears in the place or publisher position is visible on the page, but what the correct publication details are cannot be checked from the files.
Second check: none (judge only)
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Typo INFN Sezione di Napoli carries two postcodes: affiliation 4 "INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy" and affiliation 87 "INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80100 Napoli, Italy".
- p. 13 Affiliation 4
4INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- p. 15 Affiliation 87
INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80100 Napoli, Italy
Judge's note: Viewed both crops (pages 13 and 15); both postcodes are printed as quoted. The two forms are inconsistent for one named institution, but both may be usable addresses (one with the campus, one without), so either could be legitimate.
Second check: none (judge only)
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Typo Affiliation 106: "University of Biał ystok, 15-424 Biał ystok, Poland" is printed with a gap after the "ł" in both occurrences of "Białystok".
- p. 15 Affiliation 106
University of Biał ystok, 15-424 Biał ystok, Poland
Judge's note: Viewed the crop of page 15. A visible space follows the 'ł' in both words on the rendered page, so this is a typesetting defect in the PDF and not only in the text layer.
Second check: none (judge only) · checked by hand
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Typo Affiliation 124: "Whitman College, 345 Boyer Avenue, Walla Walla, Washington 99362 USA" lacks the comma before "USA".
- p. 15 Affiliation 124
Walla Walla, Washington 99362 USA
Judge's note: Viewed the crop of page 15. No comma is printed between "99362" and "USA"; the other US affiliations on the same crop (119, 120, 126) are written "State ZIP, USA".
Second check: none (judge only)