Nanostructured High-Entropy Alloys with Multiple Principal Elements: Novel Alloy Design Concepts and Outcomes
Advanced Engineering Materials, 2004 · paper · Materials
Proposes designing alloys from several principal elements in equal or near-equal proportions rather than one base metal. The authors argue the large mixing entropy of such alloys favors stable solid solutions over brittle intermetallic compounds.
3 findings
Reference or label Fig. 2 caption: "C, D, and E, corresponding SAD patterns of B, Ba, and Bb with zone axes of bcc [011], bcc [001] + (010) superlattice, and fcc [011], respectively". This pairs the fcc [011] pattern (E) with Bb, which the caption calls an ordered bcc (B2) plate, and pairs the (010) superlattice pattern (D) with Ba, which the caption calls disordered bcc (A2).
- p. 2 Fig. 2 caption
sponding SAD patterns of B, Ba, and Bb with zone axes of bcc [011], bcc [001] + (010) superlattice, and fcc [011], respectively
- p. 2 Fig. 2 caption
sponding SAD patterns of B, Ba, and Bb with zone axes of bcc [011], bcc [001] + (010)
- p. 2 Fig. 2 caption
C, D, and E, corresponding SAD patterns of B, Ba, and Bb with zone axes of bcc [011], bcc [001] + (010) superlattice, and fcc [011], respectively.
- p. 2 Fig. 2 caption
Bc, nanoprecipitation in spinodal plate, 7 nm to 50 nm in diameter, close to fcc phase
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: I checked the caption on the p.2 image. Ba is described as "disordered bcc phase (A2)", Bb as "ordered bcc phase (B2)" and Bc as "close to fcc phase". Read literally, the respectively-mapping gives an fcc zone-axis pattern to a bcc plate and a superlattice (ordered) pattern to a disordered region. The caption therefore contradicts itself. Only the authors can say which mapping is correct: B/Bb/Bc, Ba/Bb/Bc, or something else. That makes this an author query, and since it concerns labels it is rated S2.
Second check: another model agreed
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Reference or label Ref. [19] is printed as "Metall. Mater. Trans. A 2004, 4, in press.", with volume 4.
- p. 5 Reference [19]
Metall. Ma-ter. Trans. A 2004, 4, in press
- p. 5 Reference [19]
ter. Trans. A 2004, 4, in press.
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Rests on outside knowledge: Metall. Mater. Trans. A was at volume 35 in 2004. Page 5 shows the volume field as 4, while the list's format elsewhere puts the volume in this position.
Second check: another model agreed
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Wording Eq. 1 prints "ΔSconf = −k ln w" with w defined as "the number of ways of mixing"; with that definition the Boltzmann form is +k ln w.
- p. 1 Equation 1
ΔSconf = −k ln w =
Judge's note: Page 1 shows the minus sign on the k ln w term. The mole-fraction form −R Σ(1/n) ln(1/n) and the final R ln n are correct, so the slip is limited to the first equality.
Second check: another model agreed
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9 minor (typos and the like; most checked by the judge only)
Wording The symbol ΔSconf, defined by Eq. 1 as configurational mixing entropy, is reused for formation enthalpy divided by melting point: "the resulting ΔSconf, 1.38R and 2.06R".
- p. 1 Right column, last paragraph
points, the resulting ΔSconf, 1.38R and 2.06R
Judge's note: Page 1 shows the reuse of the symbol for a different quantity (ΔHf/Tm of NiAl and TiAl). The intended analogy is clear, but the notation is inconsistent.
Second check: another model agreed
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Wording The text states "As x exceeded 0.8, a bcc structure appeared in addition to the fcc", but Fig. 3 draws the FCC/FCC+BCC boundary at about x = 0.6, which places x = 0.8 in the two-phase field.
- p. 2 Results text, para on Fig. 1
As x exceeded 0.8, a bcc structure appeared in addition
- p. 3 Fig. 3 phase-region boundaries
FCC + BCC
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Compared the C005-b crop and page 3 with the page 2 text. The dashed boundary lies between the x = 0.5 and x = 0.8 data points, so the figure shows x = 0.8 as already two-phase.
Second check: another model agreed
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Wording The text states "A single bcc structure was subsequently obtained for x > 2.8", but Fig. 3 places its FCC+BCC/BCC boundary below x = 2.8, so x = 2.8 falls in the BCC field.
- p. 2 Results text
A single bcc structure was subsequently obtained for x > 2.8
- p. 3 Fig. 3 phase-region boundaries
BCC
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: In the Fig. 3 crop and page 3, the last two hardness points (x = 2.8 and 3.0) lie to the right of the dashed BCC boundary. The text reads as if only x = 3.0 were single bcc, so it should probably say x ≥ 2.8.
Second check: another model agreed
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Wording The text says "nine typical alloy systems with hardness values higher than 590 HV", but Table 1 lists CuTiVFeNiZr at exactly 590 HV as-cast.
- p. 3 Body text, and Table 1 row CuTiVFeNiZr
hardness values higher than 590 HV
- p. 3 Discussion text
typical alloy systems with hardness values higher than
- p. 3 Table 1, CuTiVFeNiZr as-cast
590
- p. 3 text before Table 1
nine typical alloy systems with hardness values higher than 590 HV
Judge's note: I checked p.3. The body text says "higher than 590 HV", and in Table 1 the as-cast value for CuTiVFeNiZr is 590 (annealed 600). The other eight HE alloys are all above 590 in both conditions. This is a minor wording point: "at least 590 HV" would fit the table.
Second check: another model agreed
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Wording "Table 1 shows that their hardness after annealing, even at 1000 °C for 12 h, remains almost the same in the as-cast condition, as is also the case for Ni-based Hastelloy and Co-based Stellite". In Table 1, AlTiVFeNiZrCoCr goes from 780 to 890 HV, Hastelloy C from 236 to 280, and Stellite 6 from 413 to 494.
- p. 3 Discussion text on anneal softening
remains almost the same in the as-cast condition, as is also the case for Ni-based Hastel
- p. 3 Table 1
494
- p. 3 Table 1 row AlTiVFeNiZrCoCr and text on annealing softening
AlTiVFeNiZrCoCr 780 890
- p. 3 text after Table 1
remains almost the same in the as-cast condition
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: I checked Table 1 and the paragraph on p.3. Eight of the HE alloys change by 20 HV or less, but AlTiVFeNiZrCoCr rises by about 14%. Hastelloy and Stellite, which the text cites as behaving "also" the same way, rise by about 19-20%. All of these exceed the 3% scatter stated in the caption. All the changes are increases, so the claim of no softening still holds, but "almost the same" overstates the stability for these rows. The authors should confirm whether 890 is the intended value.
Second check: another model agreed
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Typo The 13-element value is printed as "2.57R" in "1.10R, 1.61R, 1.79R, 2.20R, and 2.57R", but R ln 13 = 2.565R, which rounds to 2.56R.
- p. 1 Text after Eq. 1
1.10R, 1.61R, 1.79R, 2.20R, and 2.57R
Judge's note: Checked page 1. Eq. 1 gives ΔSconf = R ln n. ln 3, ln 5, ln 6 and ln 9 round to the printed values; ln 13 = 2.5649 rounds to 2.56, not 2.57. This is a last-digit rounding slip.
Second check: none (judge only)
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Typo Ungrammatical clause on page 2: "because of the importance of high mixing entropy in stabilizing solid solutions is reduced with decreasing temperature".
- p. 2 column 2, paragraph beginning 'It is expected that HE alloys might undergo phase transformations'
because of the importance of high mixing entropy in stabilizing solid solutions is reduced with decreasing temperature
Judge's note: The page 2 image shows this wording, so it is not an OCR artefact. Suggested fix: "because the importance of ... is reduced".
Second check: none (judge only)
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Typo The Experimental section reads "five medium data were averaged"; "median" (middle) values is meant.
- p. 4 Experimental, Mechanical Property Evaluation
five medium data were averaged
Judge's note: The page 4 image shows "medium", so it is not an OCR artefact.
Second check: none (judge only)
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Typo Ref. [25] prints the publisher as "Kynock Press, Birmingham".
- p. 5 Reference [25]
Kynock Press, Birming-ham, UK 1968
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Rests on outside knowledge: the publisher's name is Kynoch Press. Page 5 shows "Kynock". The slip is cosmetic.
Second check: none (judge only)