The Power of Simple Tabulation Hashing
Proceedings of the forty-third annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing, 2011 · paper · Computer science
Analyses simple tabulation hashing, where a key's characters index random tables whose entries are XORed. Though not even 4-independent, it is shown to give guarantees usually needing higher independence, including Chernoff-type concentration, min-wise hashing and cuckoo hashing.
Checked: PDF from people.csail.mit.edu, fetched 4 Oct 2026. Page numbers are those of that PDF.
24 findings
Substance Intro: "the cuckoo hashing algorithm fails iff the random bipartite graph ... contains a component with more vertices than edges". This should be 'more edges than vertices', as Section 4 (p.17) states.
- p. 5 Intro, Cuckoo hashing paragraph
contains a component with more vertices than edges
- p. 17 Section 4, Walking Along an Obstruction
no component in this graph has more edges than nodes
Judge's note: Page 5 image confirms the wording. Page 17 says cuckoo hashing 'succeeds if and only if no component in this graph has more edges than nodes'. As a check, a single-edge tree component has 2 vertices and 1 edge and is placed without trouble, so the intro condition is the reverse of the correct one.
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Substance Section 5 says "both in the regime ε ≥ 1/2 (high fill) and α ≤ 1/2 (low fill)"; since α = 1−ε, high fill should be ε ≤ 1/2.
- p. 24 Section 5, first paragraph
both in the regime ε ≥1/2 (high fill) and α ≤1/2 (low fill)
- p. 28 Proof of Corollary 24
If ε ≤1/2, we use δ = ε
Judge's note: Page 23 image (PDF p24) shows ε ≥ 1/2 and defines α = 1−ε = n/m in the same sentence. With that definition, ε ≥ 1/2 is the same as α ≤ 1/2, so both labelled regimes are the low-fill case. Corollary 24 and its proof (PDF p28) use ε ≤ 1/2 / α ≥ 1/2 for high fill.
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Substance Corollary 24, eq. (12), gives the low-fill bound as "α^{−Ω(ℓ)} if α ≤ 1/2"; applying Theorem 21 with 1+δ = 1/α gives α^{Ω(ℓ)}.
- p. 28 Corollary 24, eq. (12)
α−Ω(ℓ)
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Judge's note: PDF p28 image: the minus sign is printed in the exponent. Reworking: (1+δ)^{−Ω((1+δ)αℓ)} with 1+δ = 1/α equals (1/α)^{−Ω(ℓ)} = α^{Ω(ℓ)}. As printed, α^{−Ω(ℓ)} ≥ 1 for α ≤ 1/2, so the bound would be vacuous. That conflicts with the 'exponential drop for larger L' that the text uses right afterwards. The stated corollary formula is wrong as printed.
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Substance Univ-mult-shift: "if two keys differ in only their least significant bit, then so does their hash values" is false for h_a(x)=(a*x)>>(ℓ−ℓ_out) with odd a; the property holds for the most significant bit.
- p. 37 Section A.1, Univ-mult-shift
if two keys differ in only their least significant bit, then so does their hash values
Judge's note: Page 37 (printed p.36) reads 'least significant bit'. Reworked: x and x+1 give products a*x and a*x+a mod 2^ℓ. These differ by an odd a, which usually changes several bits, and the shift then drops the low bits. Counterexample: ℓ=4, ℓ_out=2, a=11. x=0 hashes to 0 and x=1 hashes to 11>>2=2, so the hash values differ in bit 1, not bit 0. With a=3 the two keys collide. Keys differing only in the MSB: a*(x+2^{ℓ−1}) ≡ a*x+2^{ℓ−1} mod 2^ℓ, so the outputs differ only in their top bit. The 'not 2-independent' point still holds with the MSB wording.
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Substance A.4: "the space is quadrupled with twice as many tables, each with twice as big entries, moving up from 1KB to 8KB". 1KB to 8KB is a factor of 8, not 4, and neither figure matches 4×256×4B or 8×256×8B.
- p. 39 Section A.4, text after Table 1
the space is quadrupled with twice as many tables, each with twice as big entries, moving up from 1KB to 8KB
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Judge's note: Page 39 text checked. Page 38 says 8-bit characters are used, so tables have 256 entries. 32-bit keys: 4 tables of 4-byte entries = 4KB. 64-bit keys: 8 tables of 8-byte entries = 16KB. That is a factor of 4, matching 'quadrupled'. The printed 1KB→8KB is a factor of 8, so the sizes contradict both the configuration and the word 'quadrupled'. The intended figures are probably 4KB→16KB, but only the authors can confirm.
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Reference or label "By the union bound (1) implies that with m = Θ(n) bins, no bin receives more than O(lg n/ lg lg n) balls w.h.p.": bound (1) is stated only for δ ≤ 1. The max-load claim needs the large-deviation bound (2).
- p. 4 Discussion after Theorem 1
By the union bound (1) implies that with m = Θ(n) bins, no bin receives more than
- p. 4 Intro after Theorem 1
By the union bound (1) implies that with m = Θ(n) bins
- p. 4 Intro after Theorem 1
(2) shows that the longest filled interval is of length O(log n)
Judge's note: Page 4: (1) is stated for (∀)δ ≤ 1 and (2) for δ = Ω(1). With m = Θ(n), µ = Θ(1). Bound (1) with δ ≤ 1 can only certify loads up to 2µ = O(1) with error 2e^{-Ω(µ)}, which is constant, not polynomially small. So it cannot give an O(lg n/lg lg n) load w.h.p. Setting (1+δ)^{-Ω(1+δ)} ≤ n^{-2} in (2) gives 1+δ = Θ(lg n/lg lg n), so (2) is the bound that applies. The second sentence's use of (2) for the filled interval, with a constant deviation of order ε, is acceptable, so only the first pointer is wrong.
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Reference or label "we can use Lemma 4, which says that for d = O(1), all groups Gα are d-bounded with probability ≥ 1 − 1/n²" (p.11 printed) and "By Lemma 4, all groups are d-bounded with probability 1 − 1/n²" (p.13 printed): the statement about groups is Lemma 6.
- p. 12 Section 3.2
we can use Lemma 4, which says that for d = O(1), all groups Gα are d-bounded with probability ≥1 −1/n2
- p. 14 Section 3.2, after Lemma 10
By Lemma 4, all groups are d-bounded with probability 1 −1/n2
Judge's note: In the text layer, Lemma 4 is about hashing n ≤ m^{1−ε} keys into m bins (bin loads). Lemma 6 is the lemma stating 'all groups are d-bounded' with probability ≥ 1 − m^{−γ}, and its proof uses Lemma 4 plus a union bound over groups. The text paraphrases the group statement, so the pointer should be to Lemma 6. Images on pp.12 and 14 show both 'Lemma 4' references.
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Reference or label "A bin from Theorem 21 corresponds to a specific dyadic interval of length ℓ = 2^i (using m′ = m/2^i in Theorem 21)"; the bins and the parameter m′ belong to Theorem 1.
- p. 25 After Theorem 21
A bin from Theorem 21 corresponds to a specific dyadic interval of length ℓ= 2i (using m′ = m/2i in Theorem 21)
Judge's note: PDF p25 image. Theorem 21 has no bins and no m′ parameter. The same page later says 'These correspond to the bins in Theorem 1 with m′ = m/2^j', and the sentence is comparing Theorem 21 with Theorem 1. So the pointers should read Theorem 1.
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Reference or label Reference [DW03] reads "In Proc. 25th ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing (STOC), pages 629–638, 2003"; the ordinal and the year disagree, since the 2003 STOC was the 35th.
- p. 44 Reference [DW03]
Proc. 25th ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing (STOC), pages 629–638, 2003
- p. 44 Reference [DW03]
In Proc. 25th ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing (STOC), pages 629–638, 2003.
- p. 44 References, [DW03]
In Proc. 25th ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing (STOC), pages 629–638, 2003
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Rests on outside knowledge: STOC began in 1969, so the 2003 meeting was the 35th and the 25th was in 1993. The crop and page 44 show '25th' and '2003' in the same entry. The paper has no other STOC entry with both an ordinal and a year to check against. Its other STOC mentions (STOC'77, STOC'07) give a year only. The other ordinal/year pairs in the list (SODA 20th 2009, SODA 15th 2004) agree with each other, which suggests this one is a slip. Only the authors can say whether the ordinal or the year is wrong, though the year is very probably right.
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Reference or label Reference [TZ09] reads "In Proc. 12th Workshop on Algorithm Engineering and Experiments (ALENEX), 2009."; the ordinal and the year disagree, since the 12th ALENEX was held in 2010.
- p. 45 Reference [TZ09]
In Proc. 12th Workshop on Algorithm Engineering and Experiments (ALENEX), 2009.
- p. 45 [TZ09]
Proc. 12th Workshop on Algorithm Engineering and Experiments (ALENEX), 2009
- p. 45 References, [TZ09]
In Proc. 12th Workshop on Algorithm Engineering and Experiments (ALENEX), 2009
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Rests on outside knowledge: ALENEX began in 1999, so the 12th workshop was in 2010 and the 2009 meeting was the 11th. The crop on page 45 shows '12th' and '2009'. Nothing else in the paper lets me check this. This is a naming question for the authors: if the paper appeared at the 2010 workshop, the year (and the key TZ09) would be the wrong part; otherwise the ordinal is.
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Wording Theorem 2: "Any set of n keys can be placed in two table of size m = (1+ε) by cuckoo hashing": the factor n is missing (should be m = (1+ε)n), and 'two table' should be 'two tables'.
- p. 5 Theorem 2
placed in two table of size m = (1+ε) by cuckoo hashing
- p. 5 Theorem 2
two table of size m = (1+ε) by cuckoo hashing
- p. 5 Theorem 2
two table of size m = (1+ε)
- p. 5
Any set of n keys can be placed in two table of size m = (1+ε) by cuckoo hashing
Judge's note: Page 5 image shows 'm = (1+ε)' with no n. The intro's desirable-properties list (p.2/3) gives 'two tables of size m ≥ (1+ε)n'. A table of size 1+ε cannot hold n keys. The meaning can be recovered from context, so I rate this S3.
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Wording Proof of Lemma 4: "Pick some element from T for every character value in π(S, i)" should read π(T, i).
- p. 8 Proof of Lemma 4
Pick some element from T for every character value in π(S, i)
Judge's note: From the crop of p.8: the preceding sentence picks i with |π(T,i)| ≥ d^{1/c}, and the elements are drawn from T. Using π(S,i), the projection of the whole key set, would not give a subset of T of size d^{1/c}. This is a letter slip; the argument stands with π(T,i).
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Wording Proof of Lemma 8: "a simple proof for the weaker statement (1 − pk) < (1 − p)^{⌈(1+pk)k⌉}" has the inequality reversed. The lemma claims 1 − p·k > (1 − p)^{(1+pk)k}, and p.11 says "We have just shown 1 − p · k > (1 − p)^{⌈(1+pk)k⌉}".
- p. 11 Proof of Lemma 8
weaker statement (1 −pk) < (1 −p)⌈(1+pk)k⌉
- p. 12 Proof of Lemma 8
We have just shown 1 −p · k > (1 −p)⌈(1+pk)k⌉
- p. 11 Proof of Lemma 8, first sentence
(1 −pk) < (1 −p)⌈(1+pk)k⌉
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Read on the p.10 and p.11 images. My working: for 0<p<1, (1−p)^{⌈x⌉} ≤ (1−p)^x, so the weaker form of the lemma is 1−pk > (1−p)^{⌈(1+pk)k⌉}. Counterexample to the printed '<' within the lemma's assumptions: p=0.1, k=1 gives pk=0.1 ≤ √2−1. Then 1−pk = 0.9 and ⌈1.1⌉ = 2, so (0.9)^2 = 0.81, and 0.9 < 0.81 is false. The later restatement uses '>', so this is a reversed sign in the proof's opening sentence; the lemma as stated is unaffected.
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Wording The display "∏(1 − p·|Gα|) ≥ ∏(1 − p)^{|Gα|(1+ℓ/n^{1/c})}" does not follow from Lemma 8, because the text bounds p·|Gα| ≤ (ℓ/n)·2n^{1−1/c} = 2ℓ/n^{1/c}, so the justified exponent is |Gα|(1+2ℓ/n^{1/c}).
- p. 12 Section 3.1, display after 'Plugging into (6)'
(1 −p)|Gα|(1+ℓ/n1/c)
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Judge's note: Reworked on page 12 (printed p.11): Lemma 8 with k=|Gα| gives 1−pk > (1−p)^{(1+pk)k}. Since (1−p)^x decreases in x and pk can approach 2ℓ/n^{1/c}, the bound justified is (1−p)^{|Gα|(1+2ℓ/n^{1/c})}. The printed exponent is smaller, so the printed right side is larger and is not implied. Carrying the factor 2 through (m = n(1+2ℓ/n^{1/c})) leaves the final 1/n·(1−O(lg n/n^{1/c})) unchanged, so the stated result stands.
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Wording The final line of the Lemma 9 proof, "A ≤ (1−p)^{|Rα|}·(1−p)^{r−|Rα|} + (1−p)^{n(≻α)/(2d)}·Σ...", has exponent n(≻α)/(2d), while P(α,p,r) requires (1−p)^{n(⪰α)/(2d)}. The printed bound is weaker than P, so 'This completes the proof' does not follow as written.
- p. 16 Final display of Section 3.3
(1 −p)|Rα| · (1 −p)r−|Rα| + (1 −p)n(≻α)/(2d) ·
- p. 13 Definition of P(α,p,r) in Lemma 9
P(α, p, r) = (1 −p)r + (1 −p)n(⪰α)/(2d) ·
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Pages 13 and 16 images. Reworked: n(⪰α) ≥ n(≻α) and 0<1−p<1 give (1−p)^{n(⪰α)/(2d)} ≤ (1−p)^{n(≻α)/(2d)}, so the printed final bound does not imply ≤ P(α,p,r). The factor A1 ≤ (1−p)^{|Rα|} was dropped from the second term. Keeping it and using |Rα| ≥ |Gα|/d ≥ |Gα|/(2d) gives exponent ≥ n(⪰α)/(2d), so the lemma holds with the fix.
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Wording The proof of Lemma 10 ends "Thus A ≤ H_n.", but it sets out to prove, and derives, A ≤ n^{1−1/c}·H_n.
- p. 14 Proof of Lemma 10
Thus A ≤Hn.
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Judge's note: Page 14 (printed p.13): the proof states 'We will prove that A = ... ≤ n^{1−1/c}·H_n' and derives A ≤ n^{1−1/c}·Σ_β|Gβ|/n(⪰β). Bounding the inner sum by H_n gives A ≤ n^{1−1/c}H_n. The closing sentence drops the factor n^{1−1/c}. The stated lemma (O(lg² n)/n^{1/c}) stands with the factor in place.
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Wording In §3.3, A2, the Δ probabilities and Observation 11 are conditioned on "p > min h(Gα)", whereas A1 = Pr[p < min h(Gα) | h(≺α)], so the chain rule needs p < min h(Gα). The proof of Observation 11 likewise states "Pr[p < min h(Gα)] < 1/2", which reverses the needed inequality.
- p. 15 Section 3.3, A1·A2 decomposition and Observation 11
h(≺α), p > min h(Gα)
- p. 15 Proof of Observation 11
we have Pr[p < min h(Gα)] < 1/2
- p. 15 Observation 11
E[∆| h(≺α), p > min h(Gα)] ≤2 · C(α) · ℓ
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Judge's note: Page 15 image. Reworked: A = Pr[E1 ∧ E2] = Pr[E1]·Pr[E2|E1] with E1 = {p < min h(Gα)}. Conditioning on the complement makes the target event impossible. With p < ℓ/n and |Gα| ≤ n^{1−1/c}, Pr[p > min h(Gα)] ≤ p|Gα| < ℓ/n^{1/c} = o(1), so Pr[p < min h(Gα)] → 1, not < 1/2. The 'at most double' step needs the conditioning event to have probability ≥ 1/2. Both inequalities appear flipped consistently. Reversing them repairs the proof, so the lemma stands.
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Wording p.17 (PDF p.18): 'Thus, if our overall saving is 1/3 lg n − O(lg k) + εk, it achieves the stated bound of lg n − O(1).' The stated target for the overall saving is (1/3) lg n − O(1).
- p. 18 Section 4, after the basic stream encoding
if our overall saving is 1 3 lg n −O(lg k) + εk, it achieves the stated bound of lg n −O(1)
- p. 18 Section 4, paragraph on O(lg k) terms
it achieves the stated bound of lg n −O(1)
- p. 18 Encoding discussion
εk + f(c, ε) = k + O(1)
- p. 16 Section 4, encoding argument
a saving of γ = 1 3 lg n −f(c, ε) = 1 3 lg n −O(1) bits
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Judge's note: Checked PDF pp.16 and 18. Earlier text states γ = (1/3) lg n − O(1), and the paragraph just above on the same page says 'an overall saving of 1/3 lg n − O(1)'. Reworking: (1/3) lg n − O(lg k) + εk ≥ (1/3) lg n − (εk + f(c,ε)) + εk = (1/3) lg n − O(1). The premise therefore yields (1/3) lg n − O(1), not lg n − O(1), so the conclusion as printed does not follow. Theorem 2's O(n^{-1/3}) needs only the 1/3 version, so the stated result stands. The '= k + O(1)' slip in the same sentence is handled in C050.
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Wording Case 5: 'we can use weak-safe savings from Lemma 14 to code Id(x_k) in just 1/3 lg n + O(c lg k) bits', whereas Lemma 14 gives (2/3) lg n + O(c lg|K|), i.e. a saving of 1/3 lg n.
- p. 22 Case 5, end
to code Id(xk) in just 1 3 lg n + O(c lg k) bits
- p. 19 After Lemma 14
we can obtain Id(xk) for roughly 2 3 lg n bits, which saves 1 3 lg n bits
- p. 22 Case 5, after Lemma 19
code Id(xk) in just 1
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: PDF p.19 states Lemma 14's cost as (2/3) lg n + O(c lg|K|) and says 'we can obtain Id(x_k) for roughly 2/3 lg n bits, which saves 1/3 lg n bits'. Case 5 tallies a saving of lg n from Hashes plus the Lemma 14 saving, totalling 4/3 lg n. That total is consistent with a cost of 2/3 lg n, not 1/3 lg n. The printed cost appears to confuse cost with saving; the stated total stands.
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Wording Section 6.1 prints "a 4 × q matrix", "there are 4^q possible matrix types" and "multiplied by 4^q, the number of matrix types", but the number of character positions is c, as in (16) ("4^c/m^3"), and q denotes the query key.
- p. 30 Section 6.1
Imagine representing a tuple from A as a 4 × q matrix
- p. 31 Section 6.1
there are 4q possible matrix types
- p. 31 End of Section 6.1
The bound of Claim 26 is multiplied by 4q
- p. 31 after Claim 26
The bound of Claim 26 is multiplied by 4q, the number of matrix types.
Judge's note: The page images confirm a superscript q on p.30 and p.31 (printed pages 29–30), while (16) on the same page shows 4^c. Each column of the matrix is one character position of a key, and keys have c characters. The symbol q is used throughout for the query ball or key. The evident fix is q → c.
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Wording Section 6.3 says to "relabel the value appearing three times with 0, and the one appearing twice with 1" and that "the columns have weight 2". Every displayed column has three 1s and two 0s, e.g. Lemma 31's (0,0,1,1,1), (1,1,0,0,1) and (b) = (0,1,1,0,1).
- p. 33 Section 6.3, labelling and Lemma 31 / matrices (a),(b),(c)
relabel the value appearing three times with 0, and the one appearing twice with 1
- p. 33 Section 6.3
Since the columns have weight 2
- p. 33 Section 6.3, relabelling and Lemma 31/(a)-(c) matrices
Since the columns have weight 2, the Hamming distance between two columns is either 2 or 4.
Judge's note: Checked the matrices on the page image (PDF p.33). All columns in the Lemma 31 matrix, in (a), (b), (c) and in the final matrix have weight 3. The later text on p.33 (PDF p.34), "the codes of the one characters in each column cancel out, leaving us with an xor of the zeros", fits the displayed (inverted) labelling: rows 2–4 hold two 1s and one 0 per column. Hamming distances are unchanged by complementing, so the argument survives, but the text and the matrices use opposite conventions.
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Wording Section 6.3 says "there exist only two column vectors that are at distance two from both of the columns in (a)" and "If the matrix does not contain column (b), then keys 4 and 5 are identical". A third vector, (0,1,1,1,0), is also at distance 2 from both columns, and with it keys 4 and 5 differ.
- p. 33 Section 6.3, after Lemma 31
there exist only two column vectors that are at distance two from both of the columns in (a)
- p. 33 Section 6.3
If the matrix does not contain column (b), then keys 4 and 5 are identical, a contradiction.
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Own check: the columns of (a) on the page image are (0,0,1,1,1) and (0,1,0,1,1), i.e. 1-sets {3,4,5} and {2,4,5}. Among the ten weight-3 vectors, the ones sharing exactly two 1s with both columns are {2,3,5}=(b), {1,4,5}=(c) and {2,3,4}=(0,1,1,1,0). That is three vectors, not two. Taking columns (a) plus (0,1,1,1,0) gives rows 000, 011, 101, 111, 110. Keys 4 and 5 differ, all column pairs are at distance 2, and no key has a unique character, so the printed implication is false. Theorem 27 still holds: swapping rows 4 and 5 fixes both columns of (a) and maps (0,1,1,1,0) to (b), so this case is symmetric to the one treated. The step is faulty, but the stated result stands.
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Wording Section 6.4 says "By definition, we have α2^{j1} ≤1 and ∆i,j1 ≤1" with j1 = ⌈log2(1/α)⌉. The ceiling gives α2^{j1} ≥ 1, in [1,2), and ∆ can exceed 1.
- p. 35 Section 6.4, after eq. (20)
By definition, we have α2j1 ≤1 and ∆i,j1 ≤1
- p. 35 Proof of (18), case j0 < j1
By definition, we have α2j1 ≤1 and ∆i,j1 ≤1, so
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Judge's note: Reworked from the page image (PDF p.35). j1 = ⌈log2(1/α)⌉ gives 2^{j1} ≥ 1/α, so α2^{j1} ≥ 1, with equality only when 1/α is a power of 2. For example α=0.3 gives j1=2 and α2^{j1}=1.2. Section 5.1 uses the same ceiling definition and correctly writes α2^{j0} ≤ 2. For ∆: Δ_{j,i}/(α2^j) = (δ/24)2^{4(i−j)/5} decreases in j, so j ≥ j0 gives Δ_{j1,i} ≤ α2^{j1} < 2, but not ≤ 1. A checked example is α=0.475, δ=0.86, i=7: j0=1 < j1=2 and Δ ≈ 1.09. The conclusion P_{j1} = Ω(1) still follows from α2^{j1} ≥ 1 and Δ < 2, so the stated result stands, but the printed justification is false.
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Wording Proof of Proposition 32 announces "we will prove that E[(1+δ)^X] ≤ e^µ", but the induction derives, and Markov's step uses, E[(1+δ)^X] ≤ e^{δµ}.
- p. 43 Appendix B, proof of Proposition 32
E[(1 + δ)X] ≤eµ.
- p. 43 end of proof
= eδµ
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Judge's note: Page 43 image shows e^µ in the announced target, and the chain ends '= e^{δµ}'. The announced bound is false in general. Counterexample: X = µ = 1 deterministic and δ = 2 give E[3^X] = 3 > e ≈ 2.72. It is consistent with e^{δµ}, since 3 ≤ e^2. The step actually proved and used is correct, so the stated Chernoff bound stands; only the announced target is misstated.
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65 minor (typos and the like; most checked by the judge only)
Reference or label "As defined by Wegman and Carter [WC81] in 1977": the year 1977 does not match [WC81] in the reference list (JCSS 22(3), 1981, 'See also FOCS'79'). The 1977 paper listed is [CW79] ('See also STOC'77').
- p. 3 Intro
As defined by Wegman and Carter [WC81] in 1977
- p. 45 References
Journal of Computer and System Sciences, 22(3):265–279, 1981. See also FOCS’79.
- p. 44 Reference [CW79]
18(2):143–154, 1979. See also STOC’77.
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: I checked p.3 and the reference entries on pp.44-45. The abstract (p.1) also ties 1977 to 'Carter and Wegman (STOC'77)', which is [CW79]. Either the citation key or the year is inconsistent with the list. Only the authors can say which work they meant for the k-independence definition.
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Wording The intro says the minwise result is 'In the full version' and the 4th-moment analysis is 'In the full version of the paper', and that 'We only have room to present ... Theorem 1 and ... Theorem 2'. Yet this 45-page document contains Section 3 Minwise Independence, Section 6 Fourth Moment Bounds, Section 5 and appendices.
- p. 5 Intro, Minwise independence
In the full version, we show that simple tabulation is ε-minwise in- dependent
- p. 6 Intro, Fourth moment bounds
In the full version of the paper, we analyze the 4th moment
- p. 7 Contents of extended abstract
We only have room to present the most essential results
- p. 5 'Minwise independence..' paragraph
In the full version, we show that simple tabulation is ε-minwise in-
Judge's note: Page 1 contents list Sections 3, 5, 6 and Appendices A and B. Pages 5-7 carry the 'full version' and 'extended abstract' wording, and p.6 Section 2 also defers branch (3) to the full version. This looks like text left over from the conference abstract, and it misdescribes this document.
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Wording "Contents of extended abstract.. We only have room to present the most essential results; namely the Chernoff style concentration from Theorem 1 and the results for Cuckoo hashing from Theorem 2." However, this 45-page document also contains Sections 3, 5 and 6 and Appendices A–B.
- p. 7 'Contents of extended abstract..' paragraph
We only have room to present the most essential results; namely the Chernoff style concentration from Theorem 1 and the results for Cuckoo hashing from Theorem 2.
- p. 1 Contents
Linear probing and the concentration in arbitrary intervals
Judge's note: The table of contents on p.1 lists Minwise Independence (p.9), Linear probing and the concentration in arbitrary intervals (p.23), Fourth Moment Bounds (p.28), Experimental evaluation (p.35) and Chernoff bounds with fixed means (p.41). The scope statement on p.7 contradicts this; it was evidently carried over from the conference version. Section 2 on p.7 also says that branch (3) "is shown in the full version of the paper", which is similarly leftover text.
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Wording Notation paragraph (p.7): "so an m-bit hash code is obtained by keeping only the most significant log2 m bits": a code with log2 m bits is called an "m-bit" hash code.
- p. 7 Notation
so an m-bit hash code is obtained by keeping only the most significant log2 m bits
Judge's note: Checked the crop of p.7. The sentence keeps log2 m bits to get a value in [m], so "m-bit" contradicts the rest of the sentence. The fix is evidently a "log2 m-bit hash code" or a "hash code in [m]". This is a wording slip; no result depends on it.
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Wording Section 3.1: "Start by fixing h(q1), . . . , h(qc) subject to h(q) = x" should condition on h(q) = p. The next paragraph's "Pr[h(z) < p | h(≺α)] = p" uses an undefined z where the key x ∈ Gα is meant.
- p. 11 Section 3.1
Start by fixing h(q1), . . . , h(qc) subject to h(q) = x.
Judge's note: From the p.10 image (PDF p.11): f(p) is defined as conditioned on h(q) = p, and x is then used for a key in Gα, so 'h(q) = x' clashes with both. z appears nowhere else. These are notation slips; the argument is recoverable.
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Wording Proof of Lemma 8: "Consider t Bernoulli trials, each with success probability p. The probability of no failures occurring is (1 − p)^t". With success probability p, (1−p)^t is the probability of no successes. The same wording recurs on p.11: "no failure occurs amount t Bernoulli trials with success probability p" (where "amount" should be "among").
- p. 11 Proof of Lemma 8
each with success probability p. The probability of no failures occurring is (1 −p)t
Judge's note: Checked both pages. The formula is right, but the named event is the complementary one. The intent is clear from the formula.
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Wording Lemma 8 states "Let p ∈ [0,1] and k ≥ 0, where p·k ≤ √2−1. Then 1 − p·k > (1 − p)^{(1+pk)k}", but the proof ends with "≤ 1 − pk" and gives only the non-strict inequality. The strict form fails at k = 0 or p = 0.
- p. 12 Proof of Lemma 8
(1 −p)t ≤1 −αt + (αt)2/2
- p. 11 Lemma 8 statement
Let p ∈[0, 1] and k ≥0, where p · k ≤
- p. 12 end of proof of Lemma 8
(pk)2 ≤1 −pk.
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Reworked: at k=0 (or p=0) both sides equal 1, so the strict '>' is false as printed. In the proof, Gerber's inequality is '≤', and the final step 1 − pk − (1 − (1+pk)²/2)(pk)² ≤ 1 − pk is an equality when pk = √2−1, so strictness is never established. Use in (6) and later needs only ≥, so the downstream bound stands. That is why this is rated S3 rather than S1. The α-for-p symbol slip also quoted in this cluster is judged under C036.
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Wording "A tabulation hash function from Σ^c ↦ [m] has entropy |Σ|^c lg m bits" (and "(2|Σ|^c lg m) − γ"): a simple tabulation function consists of c tables of |Σ| entries, so its entropy is c|Σ| lg m.
- p. 16 Section 4, encoding argument
has entropy |Σ|c lg m bits
Judge's note: Page 16 image shows the superscript c on |Σ|. |Σ|^c lg m is the entropy of a fully random function on Σ^c. The encoding argument uses only the saving γ, so Pr[E] = O(2^{−γ}) is unaffected. The misstatement is in the description of the quantity.
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Wording p.17 (PDF p.18): 'Coll(x_{i−1}, x_i) then saves lg m = lg((1 + ε)n) ≥ ε + lg n bits'. This inequality holds only for 0 ≤ ε ≤ 1, and the paper does not bound ε.
- p. 18 Section 4, after the basic stream
lg m = lg((1 + ε)n) ≥ε + lg n bits
- p. 18 Section 4, same paragraph
O(lg k) ≤εk + f(c, ε) = k + O(1)
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: lg(1+ε) ≥ ε holds on [0,1] by concavity, with equality at 0 and 1. It fails for ε>1: for ε=3, lg 4 = 2 < 3. Theorem 2 (PDF p.5) states m=(1+ε)n with no upper limit on ε, and I found no assumption ε≤1 in Section 4. The per-edge saving is still at least min(ε,1) bits, so the argument survives with that substitution. The step is false as printed, but the stated result stands. The 'k + O(1)' part of this cluster is the same defect as C050.
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Wording Lemma 14 introduces K ('the set of position-characters known before encoding Id(x_i)') but states its hypothesis as 'If x_iΔx_{i+1} ⊆ x_{<i}', while Case 4 applies it with 'K = x_{<t−1} ∪ a1 ∪ a2, so x_{t−1}Δx_t ⊆ K'.
- p. 19 Lemma 14
If xi∆xi+1 ⊆x<i, then we can encode both Id(xi) and Id(xi+1)
- p. 22 Case 4
K = x<t−1 ∪a1 ∪a2, so xt−1∆xt ⊆K
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Checked PDF pp.19 and 22. In Case 4 (i=t−1, t≤k), x̂_t is nonempty, lies in x_{t−1}Δx_t, and is disjoint from x_{<t−1}. The printed hypothesis therefore fails, and only the K version is verified. Case 5 also applies the lemma with K = x_{<k} ∪ a1 ∪ a2. The proof (z = x_i \ x_{<i}) goes through with x_{<i} replaced by K, and the O(c lg|K|) term shows K was intended. The lemma as printed is too narrow for its uses, but the result stands once the hypothesis reads ⊆ K.
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Wording Proof of Lemma 15: 'β a position-character in (x_iΔx_{i+1}) \ x_{<i} but outside (eΔf) \ x_{<i}. Note β ≠ α and such a β exists by assumption.' The hypothesis '∅ ≠ (eΔf)\x_{<i} ≠ (x_iΔx_{i+1})\x_{<i}' does not guarantee such a β.
- p. 19 Proof of Lemma 15
Note β̸ = α and such a β exists by assumption.
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Let U1=(x_iΔx_{i+1})\x_{<i} and U2=(eΔf)\x_{<i}. The hypothesis gives U2≠∅ and U2≠U1. If U1 ⊊ U2 (e.g. U1={β}, U2={α,β}), then U1\U2=∅ and no such β exists. U1={β} can arise when x̂_i ⊆ x_{i+1} and x̂_{i+1}={β}. This configuration is consistent with eΔf ⊂ x_{≤i+1}. The lemma itself still holds, because two distinct nonzero GF(2) vectors are independent: deduce β from the x_i/x_{i+1} equation, then α from the e/f equation. The printed justification is wrong, but the stated result stands.
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Wording Proof of Lemma 16: 'it must be that ẽ ∪ f̃ ⊂ x_{i+1} by ẽ ∪ f̃ ⊄ x_{≤i}'. The hypotheses give only ẽ ∪ f̃ ⊂ x_{≤i+1}.
- p. 20 Proof of Lemma 16
it must be that ˜e ∪˜f ⊂ xi+1 by
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: I verified the reviewer's counterexample against the lemma's hypotheses. With c=2, i=1, x1={(1,a),(2,b)}, x2={(1,a'),(2,b)}, e={(1,a),(2,g)}, f={(1,a'),(2,g)}: e\x≤1={(2,g)} ≠ f\x≤1={(1,a'),(2,g)}, and e\x≤2 = f\x≤2 = {(2,g)}. But ẽ∪f̃={(1,a),(1,a')}, and (1,a)∉x2. The rest of the proof (x̂_{i+2} has no characters of ẽ∪f̃, and Lemma 15 applies) needs only ⊂ x_{≤i+1}. The step is false as printed, but Lemma 16 stands.
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Wording Case 3 condition 'a_j \ x_{<t_j−1} ≠ x̂_{t_j−1}Δx̂_{t_j}' is said to be 'exactly what we need to apply Lemma 15', but Lemma 15 requires ≠ (x_{t−1}Δx_t)\x_{<t−1}. That set differs from x̂_{t−1}Δx̂_t (= x̂_{t−1} ∪ x̂_t, since the x̂'s are disjoint) whenever x̂_{t−1} ∩ x_t ≠ ∅.
- p. 21 Case 3
This assumption is exactly what we need to apply Lemma 15
- p. 22 Lemma 20 / Cases 4, 6-8 (same notation)
aj \ x<tj−1 = ˆxtj−1∆ˆxtj
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Checked PDF pp.21–22. Reworking: (x_{t−1}Δx_t)\x_{<t−1} = (x̂_{t−1} \ x_t) ∪ (x_t \ x_{≤t−1}) = (x̂_{t−1}\x_t) ∪ x̂_t. This is smaller than x̂_{t−1} ∪ x̂_t when x_t reuses a new character of x_{t−1}. In the reviewer's c=3 example, a_j\x_{<t−1}={(2,b),(3,d)}. This differs from x̂_{t−1}∪x̂_t={(1,a),(2,b),(3,d)}, but equals (x_{t−1}Δx_t)\x_{<t−1}. So the Case 3 condition holds while Lemma 15's does not, and Cases 4–8 (which assume the printed equality) do not cover it either. Reading the notation as (x_{t−1}Δx_t)\x_{<t−1} closes the gap. The authors should confirm.
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Wording Proof of Lemma 20 prints "we can write ID(a_j) using lg C(y) ≤ lg ½ lg n bits"; with C(y) ≤ √n the bound is lg C(y) ≤ ½ lg n.
- p. 23 Proof of Lemma 20
using lg C(y) ≤lg 1 2 lg n bits
- p. 23 Proof of Lemma 20
using lg C(y) ≤lg 1
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Checked the crop and page 23 image: the extra 'lg' is printed. Reworking: in this case C(y) ≤ √n, so lg C(y) ≤ ½ lg n. The printed lg(½ lg n) is false as printed, since C(y) can be as large as √n. The surrounding accounting uses ½ lg n, so the lemma itself stands.
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Wording After Claim 23: "δ_{i,j}µ_j = Δ_{i,j} = Θ(δ2^{(4/5)i+(1/5)j})" omits the factor α from Δ, so δ_{i,j} = Δ_{i,j}/µ_j = Θ(δ2^{(4/5)(i−j)}) does not follow as written.
- p. 26 After Claim 23
δi,jµj = ∆i,j = Θ(δ2
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: PDF p26 image. Δ_{j,i} is defined on the same page as (δα/24)·2^{(4/5)i+(1/5)j}, and µ_j = α2^j. Dividing gives (δ/24)·2^{(4/5)(i−j)}, which matches the next expression only if the α is kept. As printed, without α, the quotient would carry an extra 1/α factor. The following line is correct, so the result stands.
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Wording "for some h̄ = O(log log_{1/a}(2^i/m))": since 2^i < m and 1/a > 1, log_{1/a}(2^i/m) < 0, so the outer log is undefined; the argument should be m/2^i.
- p. 27 End of proof of (7)
¯h = O(log log1/a(2i/m))
- p. 27
hat m/2i ≥n1−1/(3c), so h = O(log log m) is OK. To avoid
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: PDF p27 image. Reworking: a^{2^h̄} ≤ (2^i/m)^γ is equivalent to 2^h̄ ≥ γ·log_{1/a}(m/2^i), which gives h̄ = O(log log_{1/a}(m/2^i)). The fraction is inverted as printed. The 'repeated log' text-rule hit is not a defect, because log log is intended. The result stands.
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Wording End of the proof of (7): the text derives "O(2^{i+h̄}/m)^{γ−1} ≤ (2^i/m)^{γ/2}" but concludes "Pr[D_{ℓ,δ,p}] = (2^i/m)^{2γ} + …". The exponent changes from γ/2 to 2γ, and '=' is used where a bound is meant.
- p. 28 End of proof of (7)
we have O(2i+¯h/m)γ−1 ≤(2i/m)γ/2. We conclude that
- p. 28 End of proof of (7)
Pr[Dℓ,δ,p] = (2i/m)2γ +
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: PDF p28 image. Since 2^i/m < 1, (2^i/m)^{2γ} is smaller than the (2^i/m)^{γ/2} that was derived, so the printed term does not follow. γ is an arbitrary constant, so (7) still holds after renaming γ. The step is faulty but the stated result stands.
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Wording Proof of Claim 28: "Yi and Yj are independent (these involve looking at the hashes of i, j, q)". The argument that follows uses the joint behaviour of Yj and Yk ("Yj = Yk = 1 − 1/m with probability O(1/m^2)"), so the stated pair appears mis-indexed.
- p. 32
Yi and Yj are independent (these involve looking
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Checked on the page image (PDF p.32). The printed statement is true: Yi and Yj are independent by 3-independence of {i,j,q}. However, it is never used. Yi^2 ≤ 1 is simply bounded, and the probability bound O(1/m^2) for Yj = Yk = 1−1/m needs Yj and Yk independent, which follows from 3-independence of {j,k,q}. The authors should say whether Yj and Yk was intended. The claim itself stands.
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Wording Section 6.4 says "We apply Claim 22. Since δ ≥1, we get j = i −3." Claim 22 defines j as maximal with 2^j < (δ/(1+δ/2))2^{i−2}, and for δ > 2 that maximal j is i−2, not i−3.
- p. 34 Section 6.4, proof of (18) for δ ≥ 1
Since δ ≥1, we get j = i −3.
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Own check against Claim 22 (PDF p.25). If δ>2 then δ/(1+δ/2) > 1, so j=i−2 satisfies the strict inequality. j=i−1 never does, because δ/(1+δ/2) < 2. So the maximal j is i−2. j=i−3 is maximal only for 1 ≤ δ ≤ 2. The proof of Claim 22 needs only that j satisfies the inequality, which j=i−3 does for every δ ≥ 1. The 2^5+1 bins and bound (18) therefore stand; only the stated derivation is inexact.
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Wording Section 6.4 says "We see that for j ≥ j1, the bound decreases exponentially with j", but the bound just derived, P_j = O(1/(δ^4(α2^i)^2 2^{(i−j)/5})), increases with j. It decreases exponentially in i−j.
- p. 35 Section 6.4, before eq. (20)
We see that for j ≥j1, the bound decreases exponentially with j
- p. 35 Line before (20)
We see that for j ≥j1, the bound decreases exponentially with j, so
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Reworked from the page image (PDF p.35): P_j is proportional to 2^{−(i−j)/5}, which is 1 at j=i and 1/2 at j=i−5. The terms form a geometric series dominated by j=i, so (20), Σ_{j=j1}^{i} P_j = O(1/(δ^4(α2^i)^2)), holds. Only the stated direction is reversed. The step's wording is faulty, but the result stands.
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Wording "Based on Table 1, this would be two orders of magnitude slower than simple tabulation". The Table 1 ratios for 5-indep-Mersenne-prime vs simple-table are about 20× (32-bit computer) and 10× (64-bit computer) per polynomial, so two polynomials give roughly 20–40×.
- p. 42 Appendix A, cuckoo discussion
Based on Table 1, this would be two orders of magnitude slower than simple tabulation.
- p. 39 Table 1
99.70
- p. 42 Cuckoo hashing, DW03 comparison
this would be two orders of magnitude slower than simple tabulation
- p. 39 Table 1
5-indep-Mersenne-prime 99.70
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Table 1 on page 39: 99.70 vs 4.98 ns and 45.06 vs 4.61 ns, for 32-bit keys with p = 2^61−1 as in the proposed scheme. Doubling these for two degree-5 polynomials gives about 40× and 20×. That is well short of 100×. The wording overstates what Table 1 supports, unless the authors had extra overheads in mind.
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Wording "the deviation from 3.28 over 100 independent runs grew ... to almost 1% with any of the structured input". In Figure 3 (hypercube), simple-table is concentrated near 1.6 average probes, not 3.28.
- p. 42 A.5, after hypercube results
the deviation from 3.28 over 100 independent runs grew from below 0.5% with random input to almost 1% with any of the structured input
- p. 41 Figure 3
Figure 3: Keys from hyper cube.
- p. 41 Figure 3
Keys from hyper cube.
- p. 41 Figure 3
average probes per insert/delete
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Page 41: in Figure 2(a), the dense interval, simple-table's vertical CDF line sits just above 3. In Figure 3, the hypercube, it sits at about 1.6. So 3.28 cannot be the reference mean for every structured input. The deviation may be meant relative to each input's own mean, but the text names 3.28. A secondary point raised by one reviewer is not a defect: 'less than 0.02' of 3.28 (≈0.6%) does not contradict 'below 0.5%', because both are upper bounds.
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Wording "For a nontrivial failure probability with sets of 2^20 keys, this would require 6-independence". Under the stated failure probability n/r^{d/2} with r = 2^10, d = 5 already gives 2^20/2^25 = 1/32 < 1.
- p. 42 Appendix A, comparison with [DW03]
For a nontrivial failure probability with sets of 220 keys, this would require 6-independence.
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Rests on outside knowledge: whether the [DW03] analysis requires an even d, or a target failure rate much smaller than 1/32. Page 42 gives only n/r^{d/2} and r = 2^10. Under that formula d = 4 gives exactly 1 and d = 5 gives 1/32, so 'nontrivial' does not by itself force d = 6. The authors should say what threshold or constraint they mean.
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Typo Run-in headings end with a double period: 'Linear probing..', 'Cuckoo hashing..', 'Minwise independence..', 'Experimental evaluation..', 'Contents of extended abstract..', 'Notation..'; 'Chernoff bounds.' has one.
- p. 4 Linear probing heading
Linear probing..
- p. 5 Cuckoo hashing heading
Cuckoo hashing..
- p. 7 Notation heading
Notation..
Judge's note: Seen in the page images for pp.4, 5 and 7. 'Chernoff bounds.' and 'Desirable properties.' have a single period.
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Typo "time per operation, e.g,, constant variance": the punctuation should be 'e.g.,'.
- p. 5 Intro, first line
e.g,,
Judge's note: Visible on the first line of the page 5 image.
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Typo "we can treat a key x as a set of q position-characters": a key has c characters, so this should read 'c position-characters' (q denotes the query).
- p. 7 Notation paragraph
we can treat a key x as a set of q position-characters
Judge's note: Page 7 image shows italic q. In the same Notation paragraph, keys are in Σ^c and position-characters in [c] × Σ, and q is defined as the query in the preceding paragraph.
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Typo "When we say with high probability in r, we mean 1 − r^a for any desired constant a": the exponent should be −a (1 − r^{−a}).
- p. 7 Notation
we mean 1 −ra for any desired constant a
Judge's note: Page 7 image shows 1 − r^a with a positive exponent. For a > 0 and r > 1 this is negative, so it is not a probability. Elsewhere the paper writes high probability as 1 − n^{−γ} (Theorem 1).
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Typo Section 2 intro: "Building on this, we shows that the load of any fixed bin obeys Chernoff bounds" should read "we show".
- p. 7 Sec. 2 intro
we shows that the load of any fixed bin
Judge's note: The page image confirms the subject–verb disagreement.
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Typo "The analysis will define a total ording ≺" should read "ordering".
- p. 8 Chernoff Bounds for a Fixed Bin
define a total ording ≺
Judge's note: The misspelling is confirmed on the p.8 image.
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Typo Proof of Lemma 5: "We have to prove is that, as long as S ≠ ∅" is ungrammatical ("What we have to prove is that" / "We have to prove that").
- p. 8 Proof of Lemma 5
We have to prove is that, as long as
Judge's note: The ungrammatical phrasing is confirmed on the p.8 image.
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Typo Lemma 6: "d = min{(2c(3 + γ)^c, 2^{2c(3+γ)}}" has an unclosed parenthesis; presumably (2c(3+γ))^c is meant.
- p. 9 Lemma 6
(2c(3 + γ)c, 22c(3+γ)
Judge's note: The image shows two opening parentheses before 2c and only one closing parenthesis, after γ, followed by the exponent c. Applying Lemma 4 with ε = 1/(2c) and failure exponent 2+γ gives ((1+2+γ)·2c)^c, which supports (2c(3+γ))^c.
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Typo Eq. (5) "Pr[h(q) < min h(X)]" and the following "Pr[min h(X) < ℓ/n] ≥ 1 − 1/n^2" use an undefined set X; elsewhere the key set is S ("Pr[h(q) < min h(S)]").
- p. 10 Section 3, eq. (5)
Pr[h(q) < min h(X)]
Judge's note: Checked the p.9 crops (PDF p.10). A grep of the text finds h(X) only at these two spots, while Section 3's subsequent formulas and the introduction use h(S). The notation is inconsistent; the meaning is clear.
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Typo "to guarantee that the minimum bin in non-empty w.h.p." should read "is non-empty".
- p. 10 Sec. 3
the minimum bin in non-empty
Judge's note: The typo is confirmed on the image.
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Typo "Let h(≺α) done the choice for all position-characters β ≺ α" should read "denote".
- p. 11 Sec. 3.1
Let h(≺α) done the choice for all
Judge's note: The typo is confirmed on the page image.
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Typo "an independent probability of 1 − p of landing about p" should read "above p".
- p. 11 before Sec 3.1
of 1 −p of landing about p
Judge's note: Page 11 (printed p.10), line just before §3.1, shows "landing about p". The meaning is landing above p, so 'about' is a wrong word.
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Typo Gerber's inequality is printed as "(1 − p)^t ≤ 1 − αt + (αt)²/2"; α should be p, as in the next display "1 − pt + (pt)²/2".
- p. 12 Proof of Lemma 8
(1 −p)t ≤1 −αt + (αt)2/2
Judge's note: Page 12 image: α appears in the inequality, and the next line uses p. α is undefined here and denotes position-characters elsewhere.
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Typo "no failure occurs amount t Bernoulli trials" should read "among".
- p. 12 after Lemma 8 proof
no failure occurs amount t Bernoulli
Judge's note: Page 12, first line: 'amount' is a wrong word for 'among'.
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Typo "Let n(≻α) = Σ_{β≻α} |Gα|": the summand should be |Gβ|.
- p. 13 Before Lemma 9
Let n(≻α) = P β≻α |Gα|
- p. 13 Before Lemma 9
Let n(≻α) = P
- p. 13 before Lemma 9
n(≻α) = P β≻α |Gα|
- p. 13 Section 3.2, before Lemma 9
Let n(≻α) = P β≻α |Gα| and define n(⪰α) simmilarly.
Judge's note: Page 13 image shows the subscript α on G inside the sum over β, so this is not an extraction artefact. Lemmas 9 and 10 use n(≻α) as the number of keys in later groups, so the intent is clear.
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Typo "define n(⪰α) simmilarly" misspells "similarly".
- p. 13 before Lemma 9
define n(⪰α) simmilarly
Judge's note: Page 13 image confirms 'simmilarly'.
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Typo 'An easy way out' paragraph: 'there subkeys a and b on the positions such that ...' is missing a verb (presumably 'there exist subkeys a and b on the same positions').
- p. 17 An easy way out
there subkeys a and b on the positions such that
- p. 17 An easy way out
there subkeys a and b on the positions
Judge's note: The page image (p.17, printed p.16) shows the sentence exactly as quoted, with no verb. This is a copy-edit slip.
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Typo p.17 (PDF p.18): 'For any k, O(lg k) ≤ εk + f(c, ε) = k + O(1)' drops the factor ε; it should read εk + O(1).
- p. 18 Section 4, paragraph on O(lg k) terms
O(lg k) ≤εk + f(c, ε) = k + O(1)
Judge's note: The image shows '= k + O(1)'. Since f(c,ε)=O(1), the right-hand side equals εk + O(1), and the argument needs the εk form so that εk absorbs O(lg k). The equality as printed is false for ε<1.
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Typo Lemma 16 is titled '(odd-size saving)' but is referred to as 'odd-side saving' in Cases 4 and 5.
- p. 19 Lemma 16 title
Lemma 16 (odd-size saving)
- p. 22 Case 5
Lemma 16 (odd-side saving)
Judge's note: Images of PDF p.19 (title) and p.22 (references) confirm the inconsistency. The lemma concerns parity, i.e. the side of the bipartite graph, so 'odd-side' is intended.
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Typo Proof of Lemma 15: 'the last unknown in the equality h_i(x) = h_i(x_{i+1})' should read h_i(x_i).
- p. 19 Proof of Lemma 15
the last unknown in the equality hi(x) = hi(xi+1)
Judge's note: The PDF p.19 image shows 'h_i(x) = h_i(x_{i+1})'. Here x is undefined, and the collision in use is h_i(x_i)=h_i(x_{i+1}).
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Typo End of proof of Lemma 17: 'Overall, the encoding uses space: lg n/C(ξ) + lg n/C(ê_{i+1}) + 2 lg min{C(ξ), C(ê_{i+1})} + O(c lg k)' uses undefined ξ and ê_{i+1} in place of y and g.
- p. 21 Proof of Lemma 17, final bound
Overall, the encoding uses space: lg n C(ξ)
- p. 21 End of proof of Lemma 17
Overall, the encoding uses space: lg
Judge's note: The PDF p.21 image shows ξ and ê_{i+1}. The proof defines y and g and costs them as lg n/C(y), lg n/C(g) and lg min{C(y),C(g)}. The symbols are leftover notation, and the bound holds with y and g.
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Typo Proof of Lemma 19: 'Since a_j ∩ x̂_k ≠ in the current case' is missing the ∅ symbol.
- p. 22 Proof of Lemma 19
Since aj ∩ˆxk̸ = in the current case
Judge's note: The PDF p.22 image shows '≠ in' with no ∅, so this is not an extraction loss.
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Typo Case 5: 'Lemma 17 (piggybacking) can give use Id(a) and Id(b)' should read 'give us Id(a1) and Id(a2)'.
- p. 22 Case 5
Lemma 17 (piggybacking) can give use Id(a) and Id(b)
- p. 22 Case 5
can give use Id(a) and Id(b)
Judge's note: The PDF p.22 image confirms both slips: 'use' for 'us', and a, b, whereas the keys being piggybacked in Case 5 are a1 and a2.
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Typo The definition of R reads "positions h(q), ..., h(q) + ℓ − 1 are filled with keys from S while h(q) + R is empty"; ℓ should be R.
- p. 24 Section 5, definition of R
positions h(q), ..., h(q) + ℓ−1 are filled
- p. 24 Section 5, second paragraph
positions h(q), ..., h(q) + ℓ−1 are filled with keys from S while h(q) + R is empty
Judge's note: Page 23 image (PDF p24): the run being defined has length R, as the next sentence's 'h(q) and h(q)+R−1' shows. ℓ is a different quantity, the interval-length threshold in Theorem 21. This is a symbol slip.
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Typo Section 5 has the copy-editing errors "tigher" (for tighter), "leads to an an optimal" and "will consider at most at most".
- p. 24 Section 5, second paragraph
leads to an an optimal
- p. 24 Section 5, third paragraph
will consider at most at most
- p. 24 Sec. 5
simpler, tigher, and more generic
- p. 24
4, our analysis also leads to an an optimal O(1/ε2) for
Judge's note: All three are visible on the PDF p24 page image.
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Typo Misspellings on PDF p24: "5-indepedent hashing" (independent) and "general relative devations δ" (deviations).
- p. 24 Sec. 5
5-indepedent hashing
- p. 24 Sec. 5
general relative devations δ
Judge's note: Both misspellings are visible on the PDF p24 page image.
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Typo Misspellings: "the reletive deviation δ" and "diadic intervals" (PDF p25), and "To circument" (PDF p26).
- p. 25 after Thm 21
the reletive deviation δ
- p. 25 after Thm 21
diadic intervals
- p. 26 δ ≤ 1
To circument
Judge's note: All three are visible on the page images.
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Typo Section 5.1 has the misspelling "maximal dyadic decompostion" (decomposition).
- p. 28 Sec. 5.1
maximal dyadic decompostion
Judge's note: The misspelling is visible on the PDF p28 page image.
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Typo p.27 (PDF p.28) prints "in Section 6.4 (21), we show that that this implies that linear probing fills h(q) with probability O(α)", with "that" duplicated. The pointer to (21) is defensible.
- p. 28 After Corollary 24
in Section 6.4 (21), we show that we that this implies that linear probing fills h(q) with probability O(α)
- p. 36 Section 6.4
as promised in (13), we have
Judge's note: On the page image the text reads "we show that that this implies", not "we that" as quoted, so there is one duplicated "that". On p.35 (PDF p.36) the bound Pr[L>0]=O(α) is derived directly from (21) with δ=1/(2α), and the text there says "as promised in (13)". Pointing to (21) as the source is therefore reasonable and is not a defect. Only the duplicated word is confirmed.
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Typo Proof of Corollary 24: "(1 + δ) = 1/α implying δ ≥1/2.." — for α ≤ 1/2 this gives δ ≥ 1; the stated bound is true but loose, and the sentence ends with a doubled period.
- p. 28 Proof of Corollary 24
(1 + δ) = 1/α implying δ ≥1/2..
Judge's note: Page image confirms the text and the doubled period. If α ≤ 1/2 then 1/α ≥ 2, so δ ≥ 1. The printed δ ≥ 1/2 is still true and is enough for the δ = Ω(1) case of Theorem 21, so the proof stands. The defect is cosmetic or a minor looseness.
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Typo Section 5.1 prints "so (i − j0 + 1)n^{−γ} ≤ n^{−γ′}(1 + log n)", but the error probability just stated is (i−j0+1)n^{−γ′}, so γ and γ′ are swapped on the left-hand side.
- p. 29 Section 5.1
so (i −j0 + 1)n−γ ≤n−γ′(1 + log n)
Judge's note: The page image (PDF p.29) shows the previous sentence: "The error probability over all j ∈{j0,...,i} is (i−j0+1)n^{−γ′}". The next line then writes n^{−γ} on the left and n^{−γ′} on the right. The intended chain is (i−j0+1)n^{−γ′} ≤ n^{−γ′}(1+log n) ≤ n^{−γ} for a suitable γ′. This is a notational slip, and the result is unaffected.
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Typo Misspellings: "indendently discovered" (p.29), "as an intial step" and "does not give a probablity bound" (p.33), "the variace bound" (p.34).
- p. 30 Sec. 6
indendently discovered
- p. 34 Sec. 6.4
as an intial step
- p. 35 end of 6.4
the variace
- p. 34 Sec. 6.4
does not give a probablity bound
Judge's note: All four misspellings are visible on page images p030, p034 and p035. The same page also has "devation" (p.33), which the reviewers did not list.
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Typo Claim 29: "For any distinct i, j, q, there is a unique key k such that h(k) depends on h(i), h(j), h(k)." The last term should be h(q).
- p. 32 Claim 29
h(k) depends on h(i), h(j), h(k)
- p. 32 Claim 29
depends on h(i), h(j), h(k).
- p. 32 Claim 29
such that h(k) depends on h(i), h(j), h(k)
- p. 32 Claim 29
there is a unique key k such that h(k) depends on h(i), h(j), h(k)
Judge's note: The page image (PDF p.32) confirms h(k) as the final term. The claim is quantified over distinct i, j, q, and the proof reasons about {i,j,q} and {i,j,k,q}. A key depending on its own hash is vacuous, so the intended term is h(q).
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Typo Proof of Claim 29: "i, j, and q conincide" and "two distinct distinct characters on some positon" contain a duplicated word and two misspellings.
- p. 33 proof of Claim 29
two distinct distinct characters on some positon
- p. 33 proof of Claim 29
i, j, and q conincide
- p. 33
r. If i, j, and q contain two distinct distinct characters on some
Judge's note: All three are visible on page image p033, in the first paragraph.
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Typo Section 6.4 has "the expected number of filled entries probes is O(α)", where one word is superfluous.
- p. 34 Sec. 6.4
the expected number of filled entries probes is O(α)
Judge's note: Seen on page image p034. The same paragraph also has "the expected number probes", with a missing "of".
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Typo Section 6.3 writes "h(1) = h(2) ⊕ h_C(3) ⊕ h_C(4)" with an undefined subscript C on the last two terms only.
- p. 34
h(1) = h(2) ⊕hC(3) ⊕hC(4).
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: The page image (PDF p.34) shows h_C with subscript C on terms 3 and 4 but not on term 2, and a search of the text finds no definition of h_C. It may mean hashing restricted to the remaining columns C, but if so it should apply to all three terms. The notation is inconsistent.
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Typo Copy-editing slips in Appendix A: "The scheme is is rather complicated" and "5-independet hashing" (p.38), and "the different schemes schemes now have to compete" (p.39).
- p. 38 A.3, 5-indep-TZ-table
The scheme is is rather
- p. 39 A.5, end of page
the different schemes schemes now have to compete
- p. 38 A.3 5-indep-TZ-table
The scheme is is rather complicated to implement
- p. 39 A.5
the different schemes schemes now
Judge's note: All three are visible on the page images: 'is is' and '5-independet' in A.3 on page 38, and 'schemes schemes' on the last line of page 39.
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Typo A.3: "We are free to chose the size" ('choose'), and the redundant phrase "providing a random value Ti[xi] with a random value".
- p. 38 A.3
We are free to chose the size
- p. 38 A.3
providing a random value Ti[xi] with a random value
Judge's note: Both are visible in the simple-table paragraph on page 38.
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Typo A.5: garbled sentence "the hash function needs good random properties are need for good performance on worst-case input".
- p. 39 A.5 first paragraph
the hash function needs good random properties are need for good performance on worst-case input
- p. 39 A.5
the hash function needs good random properties are need for good performance
Judge's note: Visible in the first paragraph of A.5 on page 39. The sentence mixes two constructions.
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Typo Misspelling "The competetiveness of simple tabulation" (competitiveness).
- p. 39 A.4
The competetiveness of simple tabulation
Judge's note: Visible on page 39 in section A.4.
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Typo Cuckoo experiment, 64-bit keys: "We set A = 8, giving 8^8 = 2^24 keys in S". A is a character set, so this should read A = [8], as in "A = [32]" for the 32-bit case.
- p. 42 Appendix A, Cuckoo hashing, 64-bit keys
We set A = 8, giving 88 = 224 keys in S
- p. 42 Cuckoo hashing experiment, 64-bit keys
We set A = 8, giving 88 = 224 keys in S.
- p. 42 Cuckoo hashing experiments
We set A = 8, giving 88 = 224 keys
Judge's note: Page 42 image checked: the 32-bit line has brackets, A = [32], and the 64-bit line has A = 8 without brackets. 8^8 = 2^24 is correct.
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Typo Appendix B opening is garbled: "hold if when each variable have a fixed mean even if the of the variables are not independent. Below shall use".
- p. 42 Appendix B
hold if when each variable have a fixed mean even if the of the variables are not independent. Below shall use
Judge's note: Visible at the bottom of page 42: 'if when', 'variable have', 'the of the' (a noun is missing) and 'Below shall use' (missing 'we').
Second check: none (judge only)