Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy in Early Asymptomatic HIV Infection
New England Journal of Medicine, 2015 · paper · Clinical trials
A randomized trial of 4685 HIV-positive adults with CD4+ counts above 500 comparing immediate with deferred antiretroviral therapy. Serious AIDS-related, non-AIDS-related events or death occurred less often with immediate therapy (hazard ratio 0.43), which the authors say gave net benefits.
2 findings
Reference or label "coagulation and inflammatory markers.43,44" cites ref 43 (Zeng et al., CD4 T cells and lymphoid tissue structure); ref 45 (Baker et al., changes in inflammatory and coagulation biomarkers) fits the claim.
- p. 9 Discussion, limitations paragraph
coagulation and inflammatory markers.43,44
- p. 13 Reference 43
Critical role of CD4 T cells in maintaining lymphoid tissue structure for immune cell homeostasis and reconstitution
- p. 13 Reference 43
Zeng M, Paiardini M, Engram JC, et al. Critical role of CD4 T cells in maintaining lymphoid tissue structure for immune cell homeostasis and reconstitution.
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Reference list on p13 checked. The Discussion citations 40–48 appear shifted by one place (see also C010, C011, C013), which suggests the intended citation is 44,45. Authors should confirm.
Second check: another model agreed
Report a problem with this finding
Reference or label "reduce the future spread of HIV.22-24,47,48" cites ref 47 (Soliman et al., baseline cardiovascular risk in START) for the WHO/UNAIDS global treatment goals.
- p. 10 Discussion, concluding paragraph
reduce the future spread of HIV.22-24,47,48
- p. 13 Reference 47
Baseline cardiovascular risk in the INSIGHT Strategic Timing of AntiRetroviral Treatment (START) trial
- p. 10 Conclusion, last sentence
HIV.22-24,47,48
- p. 13 Reference 47
Soliman EZ, Sharma S, Arastéh K, et al. Baseline cardiovascular risk in the INSIGHT Strategic Timing of AntiRetroviral Treatment (START) trial.
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Ref 47 (p13) is a baseline cardiovascular-risk paper and is cited nowhere else. It would fit the 'intermediate markers' citation (45,46), consistent with the one-place shift in the Discussion citations. The intended citation here is probably 22–24,48.
Second check: another model agreed
Report a problem with this finding
9 minor (typos and the like; most checked by the judge only)
Wording "tuberculosis (14% and 20%, respectively)" — Table 2 lists 20 tuberculosis events of 96 deferred-group primary events (20.8%).
- p. 6 Results, Study End Points, 2nd paragraph
and tuberculosis (14% and 20%, respectively)
- p. 19 Table 2, Tuberculosis row
20
- p. 6 Study end points
tuberculosis (14% and 20%, respectively)
- p. 19 Table 2, Tuberculosis row
Tuberculosis 6 0.09 20 0.28
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Table 2 (p19 image) gives TB 6 vs 20, CVD 12 vs 14, and non-AIDS cancer 9 vs 18. The other five percentages in the sentence match these counts over 42/96 with standard rounding; only the deferred-group TB figure gives 21%, not the printed 20%. The sentence cites Table S3, which is not in the files and may count TB differently (e.g. only TB events that were the first primary event). Authors should confirm.
Second check: another model agreed
Report a problem with this finding
Wording The Figure 1 caption says "HIV RNA level of less than 200 copies per milliliter", but the Panel A legend says "HIV RNA level, ≤200 copies/ml" and the Results say "200 copies per milliliter or less".
- p. 14 Figure 1 caption
had an HIV RNA level of less than 200 copies per milliliter
- p. 14 Figure 1A legend
HIV RNA level, ≤200 copies/ml
- p. 6 Results, 2nd paragraph
HIV RNA level of 200 copies per milliliter or less
- p. 6 Use of ART paragraph
200 copies per milliliter or less
Judge's note: On the full page 14 image, the Panel A legend reads "HIV RNA level, ≤200 copies/ml" for both groups, while the caption below it says "less than 200 copies per milliliter". The Results on page 6 say "200 copies per milliliter or less (Fig. 1A)". The same threshold is therefore written two ways. The fix is to make the caption match the legend and the text. Practically the difference is negligible, so I rate it as a minor wording inconsistency.
Second check: another model agreed
Report a problem with this finding
Typo Reprint address ends with a doubled period: "jens.lundgren@regionh.dk.."
- p. 1 Address for reprints
jens.lundgren@regionh.dk..
Judge's note: The page image of the p1 footnote shows two periods after the email address. This is a cosmetic punctuation error.
Second check: none (judge only)
Report a problem with this finding
Typo The Introduction expands START as "Strategic Timing of Antiretroviral Therapy (START)", but the p1 footnote and refs 25, 26, 38, 46 and 47 use "Strategic Timing of Antiretroviral/AntiRetroviral Treatment".
- p. 2 Introduction, last paragraph
Strategic Timing of Antiretroviral Therapy (START)
- p. 1 Footnote
Strategic Timing of Antiretroviral Treatment (START) Study Group
Judge's note: Both forms are visible in the page images (p2 Introduction; p1 footnote). The reference list on p12–13 consistently uses 'Treatment'. This is an internal inconsistency in the trial name.
Second check: none (judge only)
Report a problem with this finding
Typo "are provide in Table 2" should read "are provided in Table 2".
- p. 7 Results, 1st paragraph
are provide in Table 2
Judge's note: Visible in the p7 page image.
Second check: none (judge only)
Report a problem with this finding
Typo "a CD4+ count of more than 350 per cubic millimeter" omits 'cells', unlike every other CD4+ count in the paper.
- p. 9 Discussion, first paragraph on page
count of more than 350 per cubic millimeter.
Judge's note: Visible in the p9 page image.
Second check: none (judge only)
Report a problem with this finding
Typo Ref 38 prints "HIV Med. 2015; 161(Suppl):14–23"; the other START supplement refs (26, 46, 47) give 16(Suppl 1).
- p. 12 Reference 38
HIV Med. 2015; 161(Suppl):14–23
- p. 12 Reference 38
HIV Med. 2015; 161(Suppl):14–23.
- p. 13 Reference 46/47
HIV Med. 2015; 16(Suppl 1):46–54.
Judge's note: The p12 image shows '161(Suppl)', so this is printed and not an extraction artefact. Refs 46 and 47 in the same 2015 HIV Med START supplement read '16(Suppl 1)'. '161' looks like a fused volume and supplement number.
Second check: none (judge only)
Report a problem with this finding
Typo Ref 31 title reads "1993 revised classification sytem"; should be 'system'.
- p. 12 Reference 31
1993 revised classification sytem for HIV infection
- p. 12 Reference 31
classification sytem for HIV infection
Judge's note: Visible in the p12 page image.
Second check: none (judge only)
Report a problem with this finding
Typo Reference 39 title reads "Attitudes of people in the UK with HIV who re Antiretroviral (ART) Naïve...", which should be "who are".
- p. 12 Reference 39
Attitudes of people in the UK with HIV who re
- p. 12 Reference 39
Attitudes of people in the UK with HIV who re Antiretroviral (ART) Naïve
- p. 12 Reference 39
with HIV who re
Judge's note: I checked the crop of page 12. Reference 39 is printed "...with HIV who re Antiretroviral (ART) Naïve to starting ART...", so the word "are" has lost its letter "a". This is in the printed page, not an extraction problem. It is a cosmetic typo.
Second check: none (judge only)