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Oncology Meets Immunology: The Cancer-Immunity Cycle

Immunity, 2013 · paper · Biomedicine

A review describing the Cancer-Immunity Cycle, the series of steps by which T cells recognize and eliminate cancer. It discusses inhibitory signals such as PD-L1, immunotherapies that block them, and combining therapies that target other steps of the cycle.

1 finding

Reference or label p7: the claim that bevacizumab is promising 'based on hints from the preclinical and clinical literature (Motz and Coukos, 2013; Hodi et al., 2010)' cites the only Hodi entry in the list, 'Improved survival with ipilimumab in patients with metastatic melanoma. N. Engl. J. Med. 363, 711–723'.
  • p. 7 Combination Immune Therapies, last paragraph
    the preclinical and clinical literature (Motz and Coukos, 2013; Hodi et al., 2010)
  • p. 9 References, Hodi et al. 2010
    Improved survival with ipilimumab in patients with metastatic melanoma.
  • p. 7 Combination Immune Therapies, last paragraph
    (Motz and Coukos, 2013; Hodi et al., 2010)

Only the authors can say what is right here.

Judge's note: Rests on outside knowledge: that Hodi et al. 2010 NEJM contains no bevacizumab/VEGF data. Checked the p7 crop and the reference list on p9. The entry's title concerns ipilimumab monotherapy, the paper cites it elsewhere for ipilimumab toxicity, and the list has no other Hodi first-author entry. The authors may have meant a different Hodi publication.

Second check: another model agreed

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17 minor (typos and the like; most checked by the judge only)
Wording Introduction p1: "recent results from human cancer have demonstrated that overcoming negative regulators to T cell responses ... are likely to explain the failure of immune protection in many patients". Read literally, the overcoming, not the regulators, explains the failure.
  • p. 1 Introduction, third paragraph
    human cancer have demonstrated that overcoming negative

Only the authors can say what is right here.

Judge's note: Checked the crop of p1. Read literally, the sentence says that overcoming the negative regulators explains the failure of protection. The rest of the paper says the regulators cause the failure and that overcoming them restores immunity. The wording is garbled and the authors should reword it.

Second check: another model agreed

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Wording p5: "preliminary results from combinations ... appear very promising in enhancing both antitumor immune responses and autoimmune toxicity". As worded, enhanced toxicity is called promising.
  • p. 5 T Cell Priming and Activation, second paragraph
    enhancing both antitumor immune responses and autoimmune
  • p. 5 T Cell Priming and Activation, second paragraph
    enhancing both antitumor immune responses and autoimmune toxicity

Only the authors can say what is right here.

Judge's note: Checked the p5 crop. The preceding sentence argues for less autoimmune-related toxicity, so this wording misdescribes what is evidently meant. It is a wording issue only.

Second check: another model agreed

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Typo Figure 2 legend: "ICAM1, intracellular adhesion molecule 1". The standard expansion is intercellular adhesion molecule 1.
  • p. 3 Figure 2 legend, abbreviations
    ICAM1, intracellular
  • p. 3 Figure 2 legend
    intracellular
  • p. 3 Figure 2 legend, abbreviations
    ICAM1, intracellular adhesion molecule 1

Only the authors can say what is right here.

Judge's note: Rests on outside knowledge: ICAM1 is the standard abbreviation for intercellular adhesion molecule 1. The page image of the Figure 2 legend on p3 reads 'intracellular', so this is not an extraction artefact.

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Typo Figure 2 legend: "CTLA4, cytotoxic T-lympocyte antigen-4". 'lympocyte' is a misspelling of 'lymphocyte'.
  • p. 3 Figure 2 legend, abbreviations
    cytotoxic T-lympocyte
  • p. 3 Figure 2 legend
    ICAM1, intracellular
  • p. 3 Figure 2 legend
    T-lympocyte

Judge's note: The page image of the Figure 2 legend on p3 shows 'T-lympocyte'. The same legend spells 'B- and T-lymphocyte' correctly later on. The ICAM1 point raised in some notes is handled under C002.

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Typo Figure 2 legend: "We distinguish these from immune rheostat ("immunostat") factors, such as PD-L1, can have an inhibitory function...". A relative pronoun ('which') is missing before 'can have'.
  • p. 3 Figure 2 legend
    factors, such as PD-L1, can have an inhibitory function

Judge's note: Checked the legend in the p3 crop. As printed the sentence is ungrammatical.

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Typo p3: "mass spectroscopy of peptides eluted from MHCI molecules". The technique is mass spectrometry, the term used in the cited Kasuga (2013) title ('immunoaffinity-mass spectrometry').
  • p. 3 Right column, last line
    and mass spectroscopy of peptides eluted from MHCI molecules
  • p. 9 Reference list, Kasuga (2013)
    immunoaffinity-mass spectrometry

Judge's note: Checked the p3 crop and the reference list on p9. The terms are often used loosely, so this is a minor terminology point.

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Typo Table 1 step 1 reads "Tolergenic or apoptotic cell death" and the Figure 2 step 1 box reads "Tolergenic cell death". Both should be 'Tolerogenic'.
  • p. 4 Table 1, step 1, (−) Inhibitors
    Tolergenic or apoptotic
  • p. 3 Figure 2, step 1 box
    Tolergenic cell death

Judge's note: The Table 1 crop on p4 and the Figure 2 box on p3 (visible in the C004 and C007 crops) both show 'Tolergenic'.

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Typo Table 1 step 7 lists "MICA:MICB", while Figure 2 lists "MICA/MICB". Elsewhere in Table 1 the colon marks interacting pairs (PD-L1:PD-1, LFA1:ICAM1).
  • p. 4 Table 1, step 7, (−) Inhibitors
    MICA:MICB
  • p. 3 Figure 2, step 7 box
    MICA/MICB

Judge's note: Checked the Table 1 crop on p4 and Figure 2 on p3. The paper's notation is mixed: Table 1 also writes CD40L/CD40, and Figure 2 writes PD-L1/PD-1. So this is a minor notation inconsistency rather than a clear error.

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Typo p5: "agents that modulate complimentary steps on the Cancer-Immunity Cycle". The intended word is 'complementary'.
  • p. 5 T Cell Priming and Activation, second paragraph
    modulate complimentary steps on the Cancer-Immunity Cy-
  • p. 5 T Cell Priming and Activation, second paragraph
    that modulate complimentary steps on the Cancer-Immunity Cy-
  • p. 5 T Cell Priming and Activation
    complimentary steps on the Cancer-Immunity Cy-

Judge's note: The p5 page image confirms 'complimentary'. This is a word-choice error.

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Typo p5: "Another exciting development is that the initial demonstrations that genetically modified autologous T cells could be reinfused into patients to yield substantial clinical benefit...". The 'that' clause has no main verb, so the sentence is incomplete.
  • p. 5 Bypassing Vaccination by Adoptive T Cell Therapy, first sentence
    Another exciting development is that the initial demonstrations

Judge's note: Checked the opening of the adoptive T cell therapy section on p5. The sentence is grammatically incomplete.

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Typo p5: "MPDL3280A (anti-PDL1; Genentech/Roche" and "Bristol Myers Squibb". Elsewhere the paper writes 'anti-PD-L1', and Table 2 writes 'Bristol-Myers Squibb'.
  • p. 5 Immunostat Blockade paragraph
    MPDL3280A (anti-PDL1; Genentech/Roche
  • p. 5 Immunostat Blockade paragraph vs Table 2
    Bristol Myers Squibb

Judge's note: The p5 crop shows both forms. The text layer has 'anti-PD-L1 antibody' later in the text and 'Bristol-Myers' in Table 2. The inconsistency is cosmetic.

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Typo p7 Concluding Remarks: "Multiple numbers of systemic factors can effect or contribute to the success or failure of immune therapy and lends to this complexity". 'effect' should be 'affect', and 'lends' does not agree with its plural subject.
  • p. 7 Concluding Remarks, first paragraph
    of systemic factors can effect or contribute to the success or fail-
  • p. 7 Concluding Remarks
    can effect or contribute to the success or fail-

Judge's note: Checked the p7 crop. Both grammatical errors are visible on the page image.

Second check: none (judge only)

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Typo Probable wrong word: "The addition of a CTLA4-targeted therapy may be completing the defect in the Cancer-Immunity Cycle". 'complementing' or 'correcting' seems intended.
  • p. 7 Combination Immune Therapies
    may be completing the defect in the Cancer-Immunity Cycle
  • p. 7
    completing the defect in the Cancer-Immunity Cycle

Only the authors can say what is right here.

Judge's note: The page image (p7, left column) confirms the wording. 'Completing a defect' does not make sense in context, since the text means that CTLA4 blockade makes up for a broken step (steps 1-6). 'complementing' or 'correcting' is the likely intended word. Only the authors can say which they meant, so this is an author query.

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Typo Missing hyphens: "Further studies of preipilimumab and on ipilimumab treatment tumor samples". The intended form is 'pre-ipilimumab and on-ipilimumab treatment tumor samples'.
  • p. 7 Combination Immune Therapies
    Further studies of preipilimumab and on ipilimumab

Judge's note: The page image confirms 'preipilimumab' is printed as one word in mid-line, so this is not a line-break artefact. 'on ipilimumab' is the 'on-treatment' modifier, not a mismatched preposition, so the reviewer's point about 'of ... and on' does not hold. What remains is the missing hyphenation of the paired compound modifiers. This is cosmetic.

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Typo In the Powderly et al. (2013) reference the author is spelled "Gettlinger, S.N.", but elsewhere in the list the same author is "Gettinger, S.N." (Spigel 2013, Topalian 2012b, Topalian 2013).
  • p. 9 References, Powderly et al. 2013
    Gettlinger, S.N.
  • p. 10 References, Spigel et al. 2013
    Gettinger, S.N.

Judge's note: The p9 crop shows 'Gettlinger, S.N.' in Powderly et al. The p10 crop shows 'Gettinger, S.N.' in Spigel et al. and 'Get-tinger, S.N.' in Topalian 2013. Topalian 2012b also has 'Gettinger, S.N.'. The spelling differs within the paper's own reference list.

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Typo Duplicated word in the Wang et al. (2013) reference title: "Immune evasion evasion of mantle cell lymphoma".
  • p. 10 References, Wang et al. 2013
    Immune evasion evasion of mantle cell lymphoma
  • p. 10
    Li, Y., et al. (2013). Immune evasion evasion of mantle cell lymp

Judge's note: The p10 crop (right column, Wang et al. entry) shows 'evasion evasion' printed twice in the page image. It is not an extraction artefact.

Second check: code check

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Typo The Wolchok et al. (2013) reference is incomplete. It ends "Nivolumab plus ipilimumab in advanced melanoma. N. Engl. J. Med." with no volume, pages, online date or DOI.
  • p. 10 References, Wolchok et al. 2013
    mab plus ipilimumab in advanced melanoma. N. Engl. J. Med.

Only the authors can say what is right here.

Judge's note: The p10 crop confirms the entry ends at the journal name. Other online-ahead-of-print entries in the same list give 'Published online <date>' and a DOI: Hamid 2013a (NEJM, June 2, 2013), Wang 2013 (March 18, 2013) and a Clin. Lung Cancer entry (June 19, 2013). So the Wolchok entry is inconsistent with the list's own style. The missing details cannot be filled in from the files, so this goes to the authors.

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