Enhancement of Antitumor Immunity by CTLA-4 Blockade
Science, 1996 · paper · Biomedicine
Tests antibodies against CTLA-4, a negative regulator of T cell activation, given to mice with tumors. Treatment led to rejection of tumors, including established ones, and produced immunity to later exposure to tumor cells.
Checked: PDF from crl.berkeley.edu, fetched 4 Oct 2026. Page numbers are those of that PDF.
1 finding
Substance The Fig. 2D legend says "Three of five previously immunized mice remained tumor-free 70 days after rechallenge", but the text says one mouse had a tumor by day 14, "two more tumors developed ... 42 days after challenge" and "Two mice remained tumor-free throughout the course of the experiment" (2 of 5).
- p. 3 Fig. 2 legend, panel D (last sentence)
Three of five previously immunized mice remained tumor-free 70 days after rechallenge.
- p. 3 Results text, middle column
Two mice remained tumor-free throughout the course of the ex- periment.
- p. 3 Results text, secondary challenge
Two mice remained tumor-free throughout the course of the ex-
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: I viewed the page 3 image and the crop. Both passages describe the same five anti-CTLA-4-treated mice rechallenged with 4 x 10^6 wild-type cells. The text's own count (1 + 2 tumors) leaves 2 of 5 tumor-free, which matches its sentence 'Two mice remained tumor-free'. The legend says three. Nothing in the paper explains the difference. Panel D's axis runs only to 55 days, and its last mean point (about day 52) is about 20 mm2, so tumors are present by then. Only the authors can say which count is right.
Second check: another model agreed
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3 minor (typos and the like; most checked by the judge only)
Reference or label The Discussion cites "down-regulate T cell responses in vivo (17, 18)", but the Introduction cites refs 17 and 18 for in vitro findings and refs 19 and 20 for the in vivo augmentation of T cell responses.
- p. 4 Discussion, first paragraph
mally down-regulate T cell responses in vivo (17, 18)
- p. 2 Introduction
of CTLA-4 with soluble intact or Fab frag- ments of antibody enhances proliferative responses (17, 18)
- p. 4 Discussion, column 2
CTLA-4 interferes with signals that nor- mally down-regulate T cell responses in vivo (17, 18)
- p. 2 Introduction, column 2
shown to inhibit T cell proliferation and interleukin-2 production induced by anti- body to CD3 (anti-CD3), whereas blockade of CTLA-4 with soluble intact or Fab frag- ments of antibody enhances proliferative responses (17, 18)
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: I viewed pages 2 and 4. In the Introduction, 'In vitro, antibody cross-linking ... enhances proliferative responses (17, 18)' is followed by '... in vivo (19, 20)'. The Discussion then cites (17, 18) for an in vivo claim, which does not match how the paper itself assigns these references. Whether refs 17 and 18 also contain in vivo data cannot be checked from the files, so this is a query to the authors.
Second check: another model agreed
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Wording For the same SaIN experiment the text says "The remaining mice were still tumor-free 70 days after injection", while the Fig. 4 legend says "Two of five animals treated with anti-CTLA-4 remained tumor-free at day 55."
- p. 4 Results text, column 1
The remaining mice were still tumor-free 70 days after injection.
- p. 4 Fig. 4 legend
Two of five animals treated with anti-CTLA-4 remained tumor-free at day 55.
Judge's note: I viewed page 4. Both passages give the same count (5 - 2 - 1 = 2 tumor-free) but different end points. The plotted anti-CTLA-4 curve runs to day 70. Both statements could be true, so this is an inconsistency in the reported follow-up time rather than a contradiction.
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Typo "where CTLA-4 blockade might effect T cell responses" should read "affect".
- p. 4 Discussion, first paragraph
where CTLA-4 blockade might effect T cell responses in two nonexclusive ways
- p. 4 Discussion, column 2
CTLA-4 blockade might effect T cell responses in two nonexclusive ways
Judge's note: I viewed page 4. The printed word is 'effect', used where the meaning is 'influence'.
Second check: none (judge only)