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The WU-Minn Human Connectome Project: An Overview

NeuroImage, 2013 · paper · Biomedicine

Gives an overview of the WU-Minn Human Connectome Project, which aims to map brain circuits and their link to behavior in many healthy adults. It describes refined acquisition and analysis methods, data quality, and the first public data release.

17 findings

Substance p.21: "the covariance matrix contains ~8 × 10^9 (90,000^2) elements, or ~4 × 10^10 information bits if there are 2 bits per element". 8×10^9 elements × 2 bits ≈ 1.6×10^10 bits, not ~4×10^10.
  • p. 21 HCP Prospects, information estimate paragraph
    ~8 × 109 (90,0002) elements, or ~4 × 1010 information bits if there are 2 bits per element

Only the authors can say what is right here.

Judge's note: The p.21 image confirms the exponents (10^9, 90,000^2, 10^10) and '2 bits per element'. The stated product cannot be reached: the full matrix gives about 1.6e10 bits and the unique half about 8.1e9. Only the authors can say whether the number of bits per element or the total is the intended figure.

Second check: another model agreed

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Reference or label 'Barch et al., 2013' is cited in the text (e.g. p2 'task-fMRI and behavior (Barch et al., 2013)', p5 'see Tables 2 and 3 in Barch et al., 2013') and in the Fig. 8 caption ('Adapted, with permission, from Barch et al., (2013)'), but the reference list has no Barch entry.
  • p. 2 Introduction
    task-fMRI and behavior
  • p. 36 Figure 8 caption
    Adapted, with permission, from

Judge's note: I read the reference list on pp22–26 (page images p23–p25). It goes from Azevedo to Beckmann, and no Barch entry appears anywhere. The only 'Barch D' in the list is a co-author of Robinson et al. 2013. The citations appear on the p2 and p5 images and in the Fig. 8 caption crop.

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Reference or label '(Posthuma and Boomsma, 2000; Van Essen et al., 2012a)' is cited on p2, but the reference list has no Posthuma entry.
  • p. 2 Subjects
    (Posthuma and Boomsma, 2000;

Judge's note: The citation is on the p2 image. In the reference list on p24, Power JD (2011) is followed directly by Robinson E on p25, so there is no Posthuma entry.

Second check: another model agreed

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Reference or label 'informatics and quality control processes (Marcus et al., 2013)' (p2; also p17 'data sharing and data mining (Marcus et al., 2013)') is cited, but the reference list has no Marcus et al. 2013 entry. The list goes from Markov NT to Milchenko M. The Barch omission is covered by C001.
  • p. 2 Introduction
    (Barch et al., 2013); MEG (Larson-Prior et al., 2013); and informatics and quality control processes (Marcus et al., 2013)
  • p. 24 Reference list (alphabetical, B and M sections)
    Markov NT, Misery P, Falchier A

Judge's note: On the p24 image, Markov et al. 2011 is followed directly by Milchenko M, Marcus D (2013), which is a two-author defacing paper cited separately as 'Milchenko and Marcus, 2013'. No 'Marcus et al., 2013' entry exists. The Barch half of this cluster duplicates C001, so this verdict covers the Marcus omission.

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Reference or label Several in-text citations have no entry in the reference list: "Yeo et al., 2011" (p13, twice), "Bucholz et al.,1994" (p5), "Posthuma and Boomsma, 2000" (p2), "Uludag et al., 2009" (p8), "Van Essen and Ugurbil, 2012" (p22), "Van Essen and Glasser, in press" (p13), "Barch et al., 2013", "Marcus et al., 2013" and Salimi-Khorshidi et al., 2013.
  • p. 13 ICA paragraph
    mid-eccentricity range (Yeo et al., 2011)
  • p. 5 Screening interviews
    Bucholz et al.,1994
  • p. 2 Subjects
    Posthuma and Boomsma, 2000
  • p. 13 ICA paragraph
    (Yeo et al., 2011)

Judge's note: I confirmed each citation on the page crops and checked the reference list images (pp. 22-26). Between Azevedo and Beckmann there is no Barch; between Markov and Milchenko there is no Marcus; there is no Yeo (Yeo BT appears only as an author on Buckner 2011), no Bucholz (only as a co-author on Larson-Prior), and no Posthuma, Uludag, Salimi-Khorshidi (first author) or Van Essen & Ugurbil/Glasser entry. Wig 2013, Jbabdi 2012 and Van Essen et al. 2013 are judged separately as C019, C028 and C027. Jbabdi et al. 2013 (p14) is also missing.

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Reference or label p5 'If any scan is judged unusable (see QC section below)' points to a QC section that the article does not contain.
  • p. 5 Two-day subject visits
    If any scan is judged unusable (see QC section below)

Only the authors can say what is right here.

Judge's note: A text search for QC and quality control finds only passing mentions: p2 (Marcus et al. citation), the objectives, p8 'visual QC inspection' of defacing, and p17 'data processing and QC efforts'. None of these is a QC section, and no section heading covers QC. The authors may have meant the companion paper.

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Reference or label '(SSAGA, Bucholz et al.,1994)' is cited on p5, but the reference list has no Bucholz 1994 entry.
  • p. 5 Screening interviews
    Bucholz et al.,1994

Judge's note: On the p23 image, Brookes 2011 is followed by Buckner 2011, with no Bucholz entry in between. The only 'Bucholz R' in the list is a co-author of Larson-Prior et al. 2013.

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Reference or label p8 cites 'Ogawa et al., 1993', but the only Ogawa entry in the reference list is dated 1992 (PNAS 1992; 89:5951–5955).
  • p. 8 7T hardware and pulse sequences
    Ogawa et al., 1993
  • p. 24 Reference list
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 1992;
  • p. 10 Myelin maps
    Glasser et al., 2011
  • p. 10 Cortical folding heritability
    Botteron et al.,

Judge's note: I checked the p8 image and the p24 reference list. There is one Ogawa entry, dated 1992. The Glasser 2011 and Botteron points in reviewer note 4 are handled under C015. The Botteron citation is not ambiguous, since 'Botteron et al.' can only match the multi-author entry.

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Reference or label '(Uludag et al., 2009; ...)' is cited on p8, but the reference list has no Uludag entry.
  • p. 8 7T hardware
    Uludag et al., 2009

Judge's note: On the p25 image, the Ugurbil 2013 entry is followed directly by Van Essen 2009, so no Uludag entry exists.

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Reference or label "Marcus et al., 2013" is cited repeatedly (e.g. p.17, "mutifaceted approach to data sharing and data mining (Marcus et al., 2013)") but has no reference-list entry; also p.8 has the typo "These physiology datasests".
  • p. 17 Informatics and data sharing
    mutifaceted approach to data sharing and data mining (Marcus et al.,
  • p. 17 Informatics and data sharing
    mutifaceted approach
  • p. 8 Head motion and physiological monitoring
    These physiology datasests
  • p. 8 Physiological monitoring paragraph
    These physiology datasests were not ready

Judge's note: A text search of the whole extract finds 'Marcus' in the reference list only in 'Milchenko M, Marcus D. ... 2013', which is a different work. The in-text citations of Marcus et al., 2013 (text lines 70, 205, 570, 580, 918, 972) therefore have no matching entry. The p.8 image shows 'datasests'. The 'mutifaceted' typo is judged under C035.

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Reference or label p10: "interhemispheric landmark-constrained registration (Van Essen et al., 2012)" has no a/b suffix, but the reference list has both Van Essen et al. 2012a and 2012b.
  • p. 10 Registration to atlas space
    landmark-constrained registration (Van Essen et al.,

Judge's note: The crop shows '(Van Essen et al.,' with '2012).' on the next line and no suffix. Page 25 lists 2012a ('The Human Connectome Project: a data acquisition perspective') and 2012b ('Parcellations and hemispheric asymmetries ... surface-based atlases'), so the citation is ambiguous. From the titles, 2012b is the likely intended entry.

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Reference or label p12: "snowball sampling (Wig et al., 2013)" is cited, but the reference list has no Wig entry.
  • p. 12 Parcellation paragraph
    snowball sampling (Wig et al., 2013)

Judge's note: I checked the reference list images (pp. 22-26). The only Wig is a co-author on Power et al. 2011; there is no Wig et al. 2013 entry.

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Reference or label p14: preprocessing improvements are cited to "(Sotiropoulos et al. 2013a)", the macaque histology abstract, while the macaque histology comparison is cited to "Sotiropoulos et al. 2013c" ("Advances in diffusion MRI acquisition and processing in the HCP"). The a/c suffixes look swapped.
  • p. 14 Diffusion MRI analyses, first sentence
    to improve fiber reconstruction (Sotiropoulos et al. 2013a)
  • p. 25 Reference list
    Comparison of diffusionMRI predictions and histology in the Macaque brain. ISMRM abstract.
  • p. 14 Diffusion MRI analyses, last paragraph
    histology (Van Essen et al. 2013, Sotiropoulos et al. 2013c)
  • p. 25 Reference list
    Comparison of diffusionMRI predictions and histology in the Macaque brain. ISMRM abstract. 2013a

Only the authors can say what is right here.

Judge's note: Rests on outside knowledge: that the contents of these works match their titles. The p25 list gives 2013a = 'Comparison of diffusionMRI predictions and histology in the Macaque brain. ISMRM abstract', 2013b = SENSE noise-floor paper, and 2013c = 'Advances in diffusion MRI acquisition and processing'. On p14, 2013a supports 'improvements in preprocessing ... to improve fiber reconstruction', and 2013c supports 'Detailed comparisons in macaque monkeys with both histology'. Going by the titles, the two seem swapped; only the authors can confirm.

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Reference or label p14: "much more likely to trace to gyral crowns than to sulcal depths (Van Essen et al., 2013)" and "histology (Van Essen et al. 2013, ...)" are cited, but the reference list has no Van Essen 2013 entry.
  • p. 14 Diffusion MRI analyses
    approaches are much more likely to trace to gyral crowns than to sulcal depths (Van Essen

Judge's note: The reference list (p25) has Van Essen DC 2009, 2012a and 2012b only.

Second check: another model agreed

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Reference or label p14: "optimized for multi-shell data (Jbabdi et al. 2012)" is cited, but the reference list has no Jbabdi et al. 2012 entry (nor Jbabdi et al. 2013).
  • p. 14 Diffusion MRI analyses
    (Jbabdi et al. 2012)

Judge's note: The only Jbabdi first-author entry on p24 is Jbabdi & Johansen-Berg 2011.

Second check: another model agreed

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Reference or label p.22: "(cf. Van Essen and Ugurbil, 2012)" is cited, but the reference list has no Van Essen and Ugurbil 2012 entry.
  • p. 22 Genomics comparison paragraph
    (cf. Van Essen and Ugurbil,

Judge's note: The p.22 crop shows the citation. The reference list on p.25 has only Van Essen 2009, Van Essen et al. 2012a and Van Essen et al. 2012b (Glasser, Dierker, Harwell, Coalson), none of which is a Van Essen and Ugurbil paper.

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Wording p14: "Panel B shows the average gray-to-gray connectivity from 9 subjects seeded at the same point on a pial (left) and inflated (right) hemisphere". Fig. 7B shows one inflated hemisphere, and the caption says 'viewed on the inflated cortical surface'.
  • p. 14 Diffusion MRI analyses, Fig. 7 description
    shows the average gray-to-gray connectivity from 9 subjects seeded at the same point on a pial (left) and inflated (right) hemisphere
  • p. 34 Figure 7 panel B and caption
    viewed on the inflated cortical surface
  • p. 14 Diffusion MRI analyses, Fig. 7 description
    Panel B shows the average gray-to-gray connectivity from 9 subjects seeded at the same point on a pial (left) and inflated (right) hemisphere.

Judge's note: Fig. 7 (p34): panel B ('Structural connectivity (group average)') is a single inflated lateral hemisphere. The panel to its right is C, the functional connectivity map, and no pial view appears anywhere. The caption for B says 'viewed on the inflated cortical surface'. The text describes a different panel layout.

Second check: another model agreed

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26 minor (typos and the like; most checked by the judge only)
Reference or label p7 '0.7 mm isotropic resolution (Glasser et al., 2013)' has no letter suffix, but the reference list has both Glasser et al. 2013a and 2013b.
  • p. 7 Pulse sequences paragraph
    (Glasser et al., 2013), plus ancillary scans

Only the authors can say what is right here.

Judge's note: I checked the p7 image and the p24 reference list, which has 2013a (myelin trends) and 2013b (preprocessing pipelines). The unsuffixed citation cannot be matched to one entry. Elsewhere the paper uses suffixes, e.g. 'Glasser et al., 2013a' on the same page.

Second check: another model agreed

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Reference or label p10 'higher in quality than those originally reported (Glasser et al., 2011)' does not match the two-author reference entry 'Glasser M, Van Essen DC ... 2011', which the same paragraph cites as 'Glasser and Van Essen, 2011'. The same page also has an unsuffixed '(Van Essen et al., 2012)' although the list has 2012a and 2012b.
  • p. 10 Structural MRI section
    higher in quality than those originally reported (Glasser et al., 2011)
  • p. 24 Reference list
    Glasser M, Van Essen DC. Mapping human cortical areas in vivo based on myelin content
  • p. 7 Structural scans
    (Glasser et al., 2013)
  • p. 10 Registration to Conte69
    (Van Essen et al., 2012)

Judge's note: I checked the p10 image and the reference list on p24–p25. The list has only the two-author Glasser 2011 entry, so 'Glasser et al., 2011' is the wrong citation form. 'Van Essen et al., 2012' cannot be matched to either 2012a or 2012b. The p7 'Glasser et al., 2013' point duplicates C008. The Botteron citation is not ambiguous.

Second check: another model agreed

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Reference or label The Andersson et al. reference reads "Melbourne, Australia: INSERM Annual Meeting; May. 2012".
  • p. 22 Reference list, Andersson et al.
    Melbourne, Australia: INSERM Annual Meeting; May. 2012

Only the authors can say what is right here.

Judge's note: Rests on outside knowledge: the May 2012 Melbourne meeting was the ISMRM Annual Meeting, and INSERM is a French institute. The p.22 image confirms the printed text. Elsewhere the reference list uses 'ISMRM abstract' (Sotiropoulos 2013a).

Second check: another model agreed

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Wording p13: "a much finer-grained spatial analysis involving hundreds of ICA components (see Fig. 10 below and Smith et al., 2013)". The Fig. 10 caption describes a "100-dimensional ICA decomposition (with 82 components judged to be signal)".
  • p. 13 ICA paragraph
    a much finer-grained spatial analysis involving hundreds of ICA components (see Fig. 10
  • p. 38 Figure 10 caption
    100-dimensional ICA decomposition (with 82 components judged to be signal)

Judge's note: The Fig. 10 caption (p38) and the p15 text both describe a 100-component decomposition, not hundreds. Smith et al. 2013 may hold the 'hundreds' example, so this is only a loose pointer.

Second check: another model agreed

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Wording p.21: 7T "will increase the number of spatial elements about 8-fold, but the anticipated temporal resolution will be lower by 2- or 3-fold, suggesting that the total amount of information may be about 2-fold greater". The stated factors give about 2.7- to 4-fold.
  • p. 21 HCP Prospects, last sentences
    suggesting that the total amount of information may be about 2-fold greater
  • p. 21 HCP PROSPECTS, 7T estimate
    will increase the number of spatial elements about 8-fold, but the anticipated temporal resolution will be lower by 2- or 3-fold, suggesting that the total amount of information may be about 2-fold greater
  • p. 21 HCP PROSPECTS, final sentences of the paragraph
    increase the number of spatial elements about 8-fold, but the anticipated temporal resolution will be lower by 2- or 3-fold, suggesting that the total amount of information may be about 2-fold greater

Only the authors can say what is right here.

Judge's note: The p.21 image confirms the wording. Dividing the 8-fold gain by the 2- or 3-fold loss gives 4 or 2.7, both above 'about 2-fold'. The authors may have applied a discount they do not state. The passage is explicitly a rough ballpark, hence S3 and a query to the authors.

Second check: another model agreed

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Typo p6 'a Siemens Trio 3T Trio (60 cm diameter)' repeats the word 'Trio'.
  • p. 6 3T hardware
    a Siemens Trio 3T Trio (60 cm diameter)
  • p. 6 3T hardware
    Siemens Trio 3T Trio (60 cm diameter)

Judge's note: The duplication is visible on the p6 page image.

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Typo p15: "connectivity analyses from both the rfMRI and dfMRI acquisitions" uses 'dfMRI', but the paper defines diffusion MRI as 'dMRI'.
  • p. 15 Task-fMRI section, end
    from both the rfMRI and dfMRI acquisitions
  • p. 15 Task-fMRI analyses, end of section
    connectivity analyses from both the rfMRI and dfMRI acquisitions
  • p. 15 tfMRI analyses, last sentence
    rfMRI and dfMRI acquisitions
  • p. 15 Task-fMRI section, last paragraph
    both the rfMRI and dfMRI acquisitions

Judge's note: The page image shows 'dfMRI'. A grep finds it only here, and p3 defines 'diffusion MRI (dMRI)'. The p6 'Siemens Trio 3T Trio' duplication in note 6 is also visible on the crop; it is a separate S4 typo.

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Typo p7 '(General Electric and Phillips)' misspells the scanner vendor's name.
  • p. 7 Pulse sequences
    (General Electric and Phillips)
  • p. 7 Pulse sequences
    General Electric and Phillips

Only the authors can say what is right here.

Judge's note: Rests on outside knowledge: the MRI vendor's name is spelled 'Philips'. The p7 image shows 'Phillips'.

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Typo p7 'substantially improved functional SNR (Feinberg et al., 2010; (Smith et al., 2011)' contains a stray opening parenthesis, so the brackets are unbalanced.
  • p. 7 Pulse sequences
    (Feinberg et al., 2010;
  • p. 7 Pulse sequences
    (Feinberg et al., 2010; (Smith et al., 2011)
  • p. 7 Pulse sequences paragraph
    substantially improved functional SNR (Feinberg et al., 2010; (Smith et al., 2011)
  • p. 7 Pulse sequences
    Feinberg et al., 2010; (Smith et al., 2011)

Judge's note: The extra '(' before 'Smith' is visible on the p7 image. Reviewer note 3, about whether Smith et al. 2011 is the right work to cite, is handled under C011.

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Typo p8 'These physiology datasests' is a misspelling of 'datasets'.
  • p. 8 Physiological monitoring paragraph
    These physiology datasests

Judge's note: The misspelling is visible on the p8 image.

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Typo p10: "family structure information (e.g., twin vs.or nontwin status)" leaves both 'vs.' and 'or' in place.
  • p. 10 Structural MRI section
    twin vs.or nontwin

Judge's note: The page image shows 'twin vs.or nontwin', so this is not an extraction artefact. It is a leftover from editing; one of the two words should go.

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Typo p15: "group-average task activation from the right-hand hand movement task" repeats the word 'hand'.
  • p. 15 Cross-modal comparisons
    right-hand hand movement task
  • p. 15 Cross-modal comparisons
    the right-hand hand movement task
  • p. 10 Structural MRI
    twin vs.or nontwin
  • p. 15
    sk activation from the right- hand hand movement task, anal

Judge's note: The page image shows 'right-' at the end of one line and 'hand hand movement task' on the next. The Fig. 10 caption reads 'right-hand movement task'. The 'vs.or' issue in note 3 is judged in C017.

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Typo p11: "(FMRIB's ICA-based X-noiseifier; Salimi-Khorshidi et al., 2013, in preparation). is used to automatically classify" has a stray full stop in the middle of the sentence.
  • p. 11 Temporal filtering and de-noising
    in preparation). is used
  • p. 11 ICA denoising
    2013, in preparation). is used

Judge's note: The crop of p11 confirms the full stop after the closing parenthesis, mid-sentence.

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Typo The reference "Behrens TE, Berg HJ, Jbabdi S, Rushworth MF, Woolrich MW" gives the second author as 'Berg HJ', and the text cites it as "(Behrens 2007;" without 'et al.'.
  • p. 23 Reference list
    Behrens TE, Berg HJ, Jbabdi S, Rushworth MF, Woolrich MW.
  • p. 14 Diffusion MRI analyses
    (Behrens 2007;

Only the authors can say what is right here.

Judge's note: Rests on outside knowledge: the second author is H. Johansen-Berg. The same reference list spells 'Johansen-Berg H' in the Jbabdi entry. The p.23 image confirms 'Berg HJ', and text line 751 confirms 'Behrens 2007'.

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Typo p.15: second-session tasks "follow 30 minutes of fMRI in a second imaging session" while the parallel clause reads "follow 30 minutes of rfMRI"; 'fMRI' should read 'rfMRI'.
  • p. 15 Task-fMRI (tfMRI) analyses
    follow 30 minutes of fMRI in a second imaging session

Judge's note: Checked the crop of p.15. The first clause says 'rfMRI' and the second says 'fMRI'. The intended meaning (resting-state fMRI) is clear, so this is an inconsistency in terminology only.

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Typo p.17: "The HCP has adopted a mutifaceted approach" — 'mutifaceted' should be 'multifaceted'.
  • p. 17 Informatics and data sharing
    mutifaceted approach
  • p. 17
    The HCP has adopted a mutifaceted approach

Judge's note: Seen on the p.17 crop.

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Typo p.19: "maps their study-specific IDs to HCP ID subject IDs This resource will be accessible" — the full stop is missing, and 'HCP ID subject IDs' is redundant.
  • p. 19 Restricted access paragraph
    to HCP ID subject IDs This resource

Judge's note: The p.19 crop shows no full stop between 'IDs' and 'This'.

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Typo p.20: "the chairs and co-chairs of each Operations Team" while the same section defines "operational teams (OTs)".
  • p. 20 Teams and Working Groups
    chairs and co-chairs of each Operations Team

Judge's note: The p.20 crop and the text (lines 1078, 1087, 1093) show both forms. The term is inconsistent, but the meaning is clear.

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Typo The reference list includes entries that are never cited in the text: Folstein et al. 1975 ("Mini-mental state"), Fox et al. 2005, Ugurbil et al. 2003a and Sotiropoulos et al. 2013b.
  • p. 23 Reference list
    Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. "Mini-mental state".

Judge's note: Text search: 'Folstein', 'Fox' and 'Mini-mental' occur only in the reference list. '2003a' occurs only in the Ugurbil entry; the text cites only Ugurbil et al., 2003b. The only Sotiropoulos et al., 2013 citations in the text are 2013a and 2013c, never 2013b.

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Typo The Blumensath 2013 reference URL is printed as "http://dxdoiorg/101016/jneuroimage201303024", with all dots missing.
  • p. 23 Reference list, Blumensath 2013
    dxdoiorg/101016/jneuroimage201303024

Judge's note: The p.23 image shows the malformed string, so this is not an extraction artefact.

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Typo Misspellings in reference titles: "Correleations" and "pipielines ... Human Connectome Projects" (Glasser 2013a/b), "difusion MRI: Reducicng" (Sotiropoulos 2013b), "diffusuion" (Ugurbil 2013), "tComprehensive" (Lenglet 2012).
  • p. 24 Reference list, Glasser 2013a
    Correleations with cortical myelin content
  • p. 24 Reference list, Glasser 2013b
    The minimal preprocessing pipielines
  • p. 25 Reference list, Sotiropoulos 2013b, Ugurbil 2013
    difusion MRI: Reducicng the noise floor
  • p. 24 Glasser 2013b
    minimal preprocessing pipielines

Judge's note: All are visible on the p.24 and p.25 images; 'diffusuion' also appears in text line 1401.

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Typo Reference Glasser et al. 2013b title misspells 'pipelines': "The minimal preprocessing pipielines for the Human Connectome Projects".
  • p. 24
    minimal preprocessing pipielines for the Human

Judge's note: Seen in the crop of the p.24 reference list: the image reads 'pipielines'.

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Typo Misspellings in reference titles: Sotiropoulos 2013b "multi-channel difusion MRI: Reducicng the noise floor", Ugurbil 2013 "functional and diffusuion MRI", Lenglet 2012 "tComprehensive in vivo mapping".
  • p. 25 Reference list, Sotiropoulos 2013b
    difusion MRI: Reducicng the noise floor
  • p. 25 Reference list, Ugurbil 2013
    functional and diffusuion MRI
  • p. 24 Reference list, Lenglet 2012
    tComprehensive in vivo mapping
  • p. 25
    functional and diffusuion MRI in the

Judge's note: Each one checked on the page-image crops of pp.24-25. All four misspellings are printed as quoted.

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Typo The Figure 1 caption reads "running FreeSurfer 5.1 on 1 mm isotopic T1w data". It should read 'isotropic'.
  • p. 28 Figure 1 caption
    1 mm isotopic
  • p. 28 Figure 1
    1 mm isotopic T1w data
  • p. 34 Figure 7
    white/gay matter boundary
  • p. 34 Figure 7
    overlayed on a T1w image

Judge's note: Seen in the p.28 crop. This cluster also mentions 'gay' in the Figure 7 caption, which duplicates C052, and 'overlayed'. 'Overlayed' is an accepted variant spelling, so it is not counted as a defect.

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Typo The Figure 6 caption begins with no subject: "shows representative fractional anisotropy and color-encoded principal diffusion direction images...".
  • p. 33 Figure 6 caption
    shows representative fractional anisotropy and color-encoded principal diffusion direction

Judge's note: Seen in the p.33 crop. The caption opens with 'shows'. It repeats the body-text sentence 'Figure 6 shows representative...' (main.txt line 753) with the subject dropped. This is a cosmetic fragment.

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Typo The Figure 7 caption reads "(white/gay matter boundary shown with the black solid line)". It should read 'white/gray'.
  • p. 34 Figure 7 caption
    white/gay matter boundary
  • p. 34
    (white/gay matter boundary shown with the black solid line)

Judge's note: Seen in the p.34 crop. Earlier in the same caption it is spelled correctly as 'white/gray matter boundary'.

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