Hallmarks of Cancer: The Next Generation
Cell, 2011 · paper · Biomedicine
A review updating the six hallmarks of cancer, adding two emerging hallmarks: reprogrammed energy metabolism and evasion of immune destruction. It also stresses the tumor microenvironment, genome instability and inflammation as contributors to tumor development.
1 finding
Wording Figure 5 legend (Lower) says "The intracellular signaling depicted in the upper panel", but the upper panel shows signaling between cell types (intercellular/heterotypic).
- p. 21 Figure 5 legend, (Lower)
The intracellular signaling depicted in the upper panel within the tumor microenvironment is not static
- p. 21 Figure 5 legend, (Upper)
reciprocal heterotypic signaling interactions, of which only a few are illustrated
- p. 21 Figure 5 legend, (Lower)
The intracellular signaling depicted in the upper panel within the tumor microenvironment
- p. 21 Figure 5 legend, Lower
The intracellular signaling depicted in the upper panel
Judge's note: I viewed p21. The upper panel shows arrows for EGF, CSF-1, VEGF, HGF, TGF-β, CXCL12, Ang-1, PDGF and other signals running between cancer cells, inflammatory cells, CAFs, endothelial cells and pericytes. The legend's own (Upper) section calls these 'reciprocal heterotypic signaling interactions'. 'Intracellular' therefore misdescribes the panel; 'intercellular' is evidently meant.
Second check: another model agreed
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20 minor (typos and the like; most checked by the judge only)
Wording The two emerging hallmarks are called 'reprogramming of energy metabolism and evading immune destruction' in the abstract and section headings, but Figures 3 and 6 label them 'Deregulating cellular energetics' and 'Avoiding immune destruction'.
- p. 1 Abstract
reprogramming of energy metabolism and evading immune destruction
- p. 13 Figure 3 labels
Deregulating cellular energetics
- p. 13 Figure 3 labels
Avoiding immune destruction
- p. 23 Figure 6 labels
Avoiding immune destruction
Judge's note: I checked the abstract crop (p1), the p14 heading crop, and the Figure 3 (p13) and Figure 6 (p23) page images. The figures use 'Deregulating cellular energetics' and 'Avoiding immune destruction'. The text uses 'reprogramming (of) energy metabolism' and 'evading immune destruction', and p15 also has 'deregulating cellular energy metabolism'. The six core hallmarks carry the same names in text and figures. These are near-synonyms for one concept, so this is a naming-consistency point only.
Second check: another model agreed
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Typo The citation '(Davies and Samuels 2010)' has no comma before the year; the paper's style is 'Author, year'.
- p. 2 Somatic Mutations Activate Additional Downstream Pathways
(Davies and Samuels 2010)
Judge's note: The crop of p2 shows 'Davies and Samuels 2010' with no comma. Neighbouring citations, e.g. 'Jiang and Liu, 2009', do have one.
Second check: none (judge only)
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Typo A colon instead of a semicolon separates two citations: '(Adams and Cory, 2007; Lowe et al., 2004: Evan and Littlewood, 1998)'.
- p. 4 Resisting Cell Death, first paragraph
Lowe et al., 2004: Evan and
- p. 4
Lowe et al., 2004: Evan and Littlewood, 1998
Judge's note: The p4 crop clearly shows a colon after 'Lowe et al., 2004', while the separator just before it is a semicolon. Citation lists elsewhere use semicolons.
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Typo EMT is spelled out as 'epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)' on p4 and again as 'epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)' on p9.
- p. 4 Corruption of the TGF-β Pathway
epithelial-to-mesen-chymal transition (EMT)
- p. 9 The EMT Program Broadly Regulates Invasion
lial-mesenchymal transition’’ (EMT)
Judge's note: Both crops confirm the two different expansions. Both forms are in common use and the meaning is the same, so this is cosmetic.
Second check: none (judge only)
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Typo A colon instead of a semicolon separates two citations: '(White and DiPaola, 2009: Levine and Kroemer, 2008)'.
- p. 5 Autophagy section, right column
White and DiPaola, 2009: Levine and Kroemer, 2008
- p. 5 Autophagy section, right column
White and DiPaola, 2009:
Judge's note: The p5 crop shows a colon after 'White and DiPaola, 2009'. Citation lists elsewhere use semicolons.
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Typo A word is missing: 'proliferate unimpeded in culture up the point of crisis' should read 'up to the point of crisis'.
- p. 6 Reassessing Replicative Senescence
proliferate unimpeded in culture up the point of crisis
- p. 6 Reassessing Replicative Senescence
up the point of
- p. 6
able to proliferate unimpeded in culture up the point of crisis
Judge's note: The p6 crop shows 'up the point of crisis' without 'to'.
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Typo Wrong word: 'VEGF gene expression can by upregulated both by hypoxia' should read 'can be upregulated'.
- p. 7 Inducing Angiogenesis, right column
VEGF gene expression can by upregulated both by hypoxia
- p. 7 Inducing Angiogenesis
can by upregulated
- p. 7
VEGF gene expression can by upregulated both by hypoxia and by oncogene signaling
Judge's note: The p7 crop shows 'can by upregulated'.
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Typo Stray comma in the citation 'Kazerounian, et al., 2008'. The same reference is cited as 'Kazerounian et al., 2008' a few lines earlier.
- p. 8 Endogenous Angiogenesis Inhibitors
Kazerounian, et al., 2008
Judge's note: The p8 crop shows 'Kazerounian, et al., 2008' in the right column, while the left column has 'Kazerounian et al., 2008'.
Second check: none (judge only)
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Typo On p19 the citation is spelled 'DePalma et al., 2007' (twice), but the reference list and the p8 citation have 'De Palma'.
- p. 19 Immune Inflammatory Cells, right column (two places)
DePalma et al., 2007
- p. 8 Bone marrow-derived cells paragraph
De Palma et al., 2007
- p. 25 Reference list
De Palma, M., Murdoch, C., Venneri, M.A.
Judge's note: The p19 crop shows '; DePalma et al., 2007)' in black, without a hyperlink, unlike the blue linked citations around it. The text layer has a second 'DePalma et al., 2007' on p19. The reference list (p25 crop) has 'De Palma, M., Murdoch, C., ...', and p8 cites 'De Palma et al., 2007'. It is the same paper; only the spelling is inconsistent.
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Typo Misspelling: 'certain tissue microenviroments may be preordained' should be 'microenvironments'.
- p. 11 Daunting Complexity of Metastatic Colonization, left column
certain tissue microenviroments may be preordained
- p. 11 Daunting Complexity of Metastatic Colonization, left column
microenviroments may be preordained
Judge's note: The p11 crop shows 'microenviroments'. Elsewhere on the same page the paper spells it 'microenvironment(s)'.
Second check: none (judge only)
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Typo Stray comma in the citation 'Barkan, et al., 2010'; elsewhere it is cited as 'Barkan et al., 2010'.
- p. 11 Top of left column
Barkan, et al., 2010
Judge's note: The p11 crop shows 'Barkan, et al., 2010' at the top of the left column.
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Typo A colon instead of a semicolon separates two citations: '(Schäfer and Werner, 2008: Dvorak, 1986)'.
- p. 19 Immune Inflammatory Cells, left column
Werner, 2008: Dvorak, 1986
Judge's note: The p19 crop shows a colon between the two citations. Citation lists elsewhere use semicolons.
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Typo Typo: "the crucial regulatory networks than orchestrate malignant progression" should read "that orchestrate".
- p. 22 End of Tumor Microenvironment section, left column
regulatory networks than orchestrate
Judge's note: The crop of p22, left column, shows 'than orchestrate' as quoted.
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Typo A colon separates citations in "(Azam et al., 2010: Ebos et al., 2009; Bergers and Hanahan, 2008)"; a semicolon is meant.
- p. 22 Therapeutic Targeting, right column
Azam et al., 2010: Ebos et al., 2009
Judge's note: The crop of p22, right column, shows a colon after 'Azam et al., 2010'. The same citation group in the preceding paragraph uses semicolons.
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Typo Reference list out of alphabetical order: "Feron, O. (2009)" is listed before "Feldser, D.M., and Greider, C.W. (2007)".
- p. 25 Reference list, right column
Feron, O. (2009). Pyruvate into lactate and back
Judge's note: The crop of p25 shows Feron directly above Feldser. 'Feld' sorts before 'Fero', and the rest of the list is alphabetical by first author.
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Typo Reference list out of alphabetical order: "Hugo, H., Ackland, M.L., Blick, T., ..." is listed before "Hsu, P.P., and Sabatini, D.M. (2008)".
- p. 26 Reference list, left column bottom
Hugo, H., Ackland, M.L., Blick, T.
Judge's note: The crop of p26 shows Hugo directly above Hsu. 'Hs' sorts before 'Hu'.
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Typo Reference list out of alphabetical order: "Luebeck, E.G. (2010)" is listed before "Lu, Z., Luo, R.Z., ... (2008)".
- p. 27 Reference list, left column
Luebeck, E.G. (2010). Cancer: Genomic evolution of metastasis.
Judge's note: The crop of p27 shows the order Lowe, Luebeck, Lu, Luo. 'Lu' should come before 'Luebeck', just as it already comes before 'Luo'.
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Typo Reference list out of alphabetical order: "Sudarsanam, S., and Johnson, D.E. (2010)" is listed before "Strauss, D.C., and Thomas, J.M. (2010)".
- p. 28 Reference list, right column
Sudarsanam, S., and Johnson, D.E. (2010).
Judge's note: The crop of p28, right column, shows Sudarsanam above Strauss. 'Str' sorts before 'Sud'.
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Typo Reference "Peinado, H., Lavothskin, S., and Lyden, D. (2011)": the co-author's surname appears to be misspelled (Lavotshkin).
- p. 28 References, Peinado et al. 2011
Lavothskin, S.
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Rests on outside knowledge: the co-author's surname is spelled Lavotshkin. The crop of p28 shows 'Lavothskin, S.' as quoted. The correct spelling cannot be checked within the files.
Second check: none (judge only)
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Typo Reference order: "White, E., Karp, C., Strohecker, A.M., Guo, Y., and Mathew, R. (2010)" is listed before "White, E., and DiPaola, R.S. (2009)".
- p. 29 Reference list, left column
White, E., Karp, C., Strohecker, A.M., Guo, Y., and Mathew, R. (2010).
Judge's note: The crop of p29 confirms this order. Elsewhere the list puts two-author entries before multi-author entries with the same first author: Karnoub and Weinberg before Karnoub, Dash et al.; Polyak and Weinberg before Polyak, Haviv (main.txt lines 2899-2901 and 3079-3082). Under either convention DiPaola would come first, so the White entries break the list's ordering.
Second check: none (judge only)