The Hallmarks of Cancer
2000 · paper · Biomedicine
A review proposing that the many types of human cancer share a small number of acquired capabilities that govern the transformation of normal cells into malignant ones. It argues cancer research will become a more logical science based on such principles.
1 finding
Reference or label Page 2, right column: "TGFα (tumor growth factor α)". TGF should be expanded as transforming growth factor, the form the paper's own reference list uses ("transforming growth factor-β").
- p. 2 Self-Sufficiency in Growth Signals, right column
TGFα (tumor growth factor α)
- p. 12 References, Fynan and Reiss 1993
transforming growth factor-β
- p. 2 Self-Sufficiency in Growth Signals, right column
growth factor) and TGFα (tumor growth factor α) by
- p. 12 References, Fynan and Reiss 1993
growth by transforming growth factor-β
Judge's note: Page 2 image, right column, shows "The production of PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor) and TGFα (tumor growth factor α) by glioblastomas...". In the page 12 reference list, the Fynan and Reiss (1993) title reads "growth by transforming growth factor-β". So the paper expands the same TGF abbreviation two ways, and its own references support 'transforming'. The standard name is also outside knowledge, but the paper's internal evidence is enough to confirm this. It is a mislabelled term; the data are unaffected.
Second check: another model agreed
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17 minor (typos and the like; most checked by the judge only)
Reference or label References, Foley and Eisenman (1999): "Two MAD tails: what the recent knockouts of Mad1 and Mx1 tell us about the MYC/MAX/MAD network". 'Mx1' may be a mis-transcription of 'Mxi1'.
- p. 12 References, Foley and Eisenman 1999
recent knockouts of Mad1 and Mx1 tell us about the MYC/MAX/
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Rests on outside knowledge: the MAD-family gene knocked out alongside Mad1 is Mxi1, and the cited article's title uses 'Mxi1'. The page 12 crop does print 'Mx1'. Nothing in the paper settles which spelling is right, so this is a question for the authors about the reference title.
Second check: another model agreed
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Typo Page 6, left column: "lymphomas arising in bcl-2 single transgenic transgenic mice". The word 'transgenic' is printed twice.
- p. 6 Evading Apoptosis, left column
lymphomas arising in bcl-2 single transgenic transgenic
- p. 6 Evading Apoptosis, bcl-2/myc paragraph
bcl-2 single transgenic transgenic mice
- p. 6
bcl-2 single transgenic transgenic
- p. 6
homas arising in bcl-2 single transgenic transgenic tumor suppressor, a
Judge's note: Page 6 image and crop: one line of the left column reads "lymphomas arising in bcl-2 single transgenic transgenic", and the next line begins "mice had somatic translocations". The duplication is in the print, not an extraction artefact.
Second check: code check
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Typo Page 6, right column: "or by loss of the pTEN tumor suppressor". Figure 2 and the Cantley and Neel reference both print 'PTEN'.
- p. 6 Evading Apoptosis, right column
or by loss of the pTEN
- p. 12 References, Cantley and Neel 1999
PTEN suppresses tumor formation
- p. 6 Evading Apoptosis, right column
from Ras (Downward, 1998), or by loss of the pTEN
- p. 6 Figure 2
PTEN
Judge's note: The page 6 crop shows 'pTEN' with a lower-case p. Figure 2 is on PDF page 3, not page 6, and labels the node 'PTEN'. The Cantley and Neel (1999) reference title reads 'PTEN suppresses tumor formation'. The capitalisation is inconsistent; cosmetic only.
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Typo Page 7, right column: "Additional clues into the importance of telomere maintenance for cancer comes from analysis of mice". The plural subject 'clues' takes the singular verb 'comes'.
- p. 7 Limitless Replicative Potential, right column
maintenance for cancer comes from analysis of mice
Judge's note: The crop confirms the wording. The head noun is 'clues', so the verb should be 'come'.
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Typo Page 8, right column: "the inhibitor thrombospondin-1 has been found to positively regulated by the p53 tumor suppressor protein". The word 'be' is missing.
- p. 8 Sustained Angiogenesis, right column
has been found to positively
- p. 8 Sustained Angiogenesis, right column, thrombospondin-1/p53 sentence
tor thrombospondin-1 has been found to positively
Judge's note: The crop shows "has been found to positively" at the end of one line and "regulated by the p53 tumor suppressor protein" at the start of the next. No word was lost in extraction; the printed sentence is ungrammatical.
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Typo Figure 4 legend: "the order in which these capabilities are acquired seems likely be quite variable". The word 'to' is missing.
- p. 10 Figure 4 legend
these capabilities are acquired seems likely be quite variable
- p. 10 Figure 4 legend
these capabilities are acquired seems likely
Judge's note: The crop shows the legend line ending "seems likely" and the next line beginning "be quite variable across the spectrum". The word is missing in print.
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Typo Page 11, left column: "incorporated into neighboring cells following phagoctytosis". This is a misspelling of 'phagocytosis'.
- p. 11 Genome Instability section, left column
rated into neighboring cells following phagoctytosis
- p. 11 Genome Instability paragraph
phagoctytosis
Judge's note: The crop shows 'phagoctytosis' printed, so this is not an extraction artefact.
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Typo Bodnar et al. 1998 reference lists the co-author as "Ouellete, M."; the expected spelling is Ouellette.
- p. 12 References, Bodnar et al. 1998
Bodnar, A.G., Ouellete, M.,
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Rests on outside knowledge: the co-author of Bodnar et al. 1998 (Science 279) is M. Ouellette. The page image shows "Bodnar, A.G., Ouellete, M., Frolkis, M., ...". The name appears nowhere else in the paper, so the files offer nothing to compare it with.
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Typo Datto et al. 1997 reference has no period between the title and the journal: "p21/WAF1/Cip1 and p15/INK4B Mol. Cell. Biol."
- p. 12 References, Datto et al. 1997
p21/WAF1/Cip1 and p15/INK4B Mol. Cell.
Judge's note: The page image shows "...induction of p21/WAF1/Cip1 and p15/INK4B Mol. Cell. Biol. 17, 2030–2037." with no period after the title, unlike the other entries.
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Typo Hahn et al. 1999 reference spells the co-author "Beijersbgern, R.L.", but Counter et al. 1998 spells the same author "Beijers-bergen, R.L."
- p. 13 References, Hahn et al. 1999
Beijersbgern, R.L.
- p. 12 References, Counter et al. 1998
Beijers-
Judge's note: Both page images checked. Page 13 shows "Beijersbgern, R.L." in Hahn et al. 1999. Page 12 shows "Beijers-/bergen, R.L." in Counter et al. 1998. The initials match and both papers come from the Weinberg lab with Counter and Hahn as co-authors, so the two spellings are of one person and the Hahn entry is misspelled.
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Typo Perl et al. 1999 reference title misspells 'expression': "Reduced expresion of neural cell adhesion molecule..."
- p. 13 References, Perl et al. 1999
Reduced expresion of neural cell adhesion
Judge's note: The page image shows "Reduced expresion of neural cell adhesion molecule induces metastatic dissemination...".
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Typo Serrano et al. 1997 reference title misspells 'Oncogenic': "Oncogeneic ras provokes premature cell senescence..."
- p. 13 References, Serrano et al. 1997
Oncogeneic ras provokes premature cell senescence
Judge's note: The page image shows "(1997). Oncogeneic ras provokes premature cell senescence associated with accumulation of p53 and p16INK4A."
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Typo Markowitz et al. 1995 reference lists the co-author as "Meyeroff, L."; the expected spelling is Myeroff.
- p. 13 References, Markowitz et al. 1995
Markowitz, S., Wang, J., Meyeroff, L.,
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Rests on outside knowledge: the co-author of Markowitz et al. 1995 (Science 268) is L. Myeroff. The page image shows "Markowitz, S., Wang, J., Meyeroff, L., Parsons, R., ...". The name appears nowhere else in the paper.
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Typo Kim et al. 1993 reference lists the co-author as "Philipps, H.S."; the expected spelling is Phillips.
- p. 13 References, Kim et al. 1993
Philipps, H.S.
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Rests on outside knowledge: the co-author of Kim et al. 1993 (Nature 362) is H.S. Phillips. The page image shows "Gillett, N., Philipps, H.S., and Ferrara, N. (1993)". The name appears nowhere else in the paper.
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Typo Johnsen et al. 1998 author list has no comma between surname and initial in "Almholt, K., and Dano K. (1998)."
- p. 13 References, Johnsen et al. 1998
Almholt, K., and Dano K. (1998)
Judge's note: The page image (visible in the C019 crop of page 13) shows "Johnsen, M., Lund, L.R., Romer, J., Almholt, K., and Dano K. (1998)." Every other author in the list is written 'Surname, Initial'.
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Typo Yarden and Ullrich 1988 reference title misspells 'receptor': "Growth factor recepor tyrosine kinases."
- p. 14 References, Yarden and Ullrich 1988
Growth factor recepor tyrosine kinases.
- p. 14 References, Yarden and Ullrich 1988
Growth factor recepor tyrosine kinases
Judge's note: The page 14 image shows "Growth factor recepor tyrosine kinases. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 57, 443–478." The two quotes in this cluster point to the same entry.
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Typo Vaux et al. 1988 reference gives the third author as "Adams, T.M."; the expected initials are J.M.
- p. 14 References, Vaux et al. 1988
Vaux, D.L., Cory, S., and Adams, T.M. (1988)
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Rests on outside knowledge: Vaux, Cory and Adams 1988 (Nature 335, 440–442) was co-authored by Jerry M. Adams. The page image shows "Vaux, D.L., Cory, S., and Adams, T.M. (1988)." No other Adams entry in the reference list can be compared.
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