Faster R-CNN: Towards Real-Time Object Detection with Region Proposal Networks
2015 · paper · AI and machine learning
Introduces a Region Proposal Network that shares image features with the detection network, making region proposals nearly free. The combined system runs at 5 frames per second with a VGG-16 model and reports state-of-the-art accuracy on PASCAL VOC and MS COCO.
Checked: PDF from arxiv.org, fetched 4 Oct 2026. Page numbers are those of that PDF.
0 findings
None that passed a second check.
10 minor (typos and the like; most checked by the judge only)
Reference or label The Table 4 caption defines "07": VOC 2007 trainval, which no row uses, and does not define "12", which the table uses in two rows (SS 2000 12; RPN+VGG, shared 300 12).
- p. 8 Table 4 caption
data: “07”: VOC 2007 trainval, “07++12”: union set of VOC 2007 trainval+test and VOC 2012 trainval
- p. 8 Table 4, data column
12
Judge's note: On the page 8 image, the Table 4 data column contains 12, 07++12 and COCO+07++12, but the caption defines only "07" and "07++12". The caption appears to have been adapted from Table 3. This is a label defect only.
Second check: another model agreed
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Reference or label Ref. [27] reads "arXiv:1412.1441 (v1), 2015." and cites v1 with a 2015 date.
- p. 14 Reference [27]
arXiv:1412.1441 (v1), 2015.
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Rests on outside knowledge: arXiv identifiers encode year and month (YYMM), so 1412.1441 v1 would have been posted in December 2014. Crop C028-a confirms the printed entry. The year may reflect when the source was accessed, so the authors should confirm it.
Second check: another model agreed
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Typo Wrong preposition: "trained end-to-end specifically for the task for generating detection proposals" should read "task of generating".
- p. 1 Introduction, right column
end specifically for the task for generating detection
Judge's note: The page 1 crop shows the wording exactly as quoted. It is a plain copy-edit error.
Second check: none (judge only)
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Typo "commercial systems such as at Pinterests [17]": the company name is Pinterest, and the phrase is ungrammatical.
- p. 2 Introduction, right column top
commercial systems such as at Pinterests [17]
- p. 2 Introduction, right column, first line
mercial systems such as at Pinterests [17]
Judge's note: The page 2 crop shows "such as at Pinterests [17]". The reference title uses "pinterest". This is a cosmetic misspelling.
Second check: none (judge only)
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Typo Footnote 6: "7 × 7 × (64 + 96 + 64 + 64) × 1536 + 1536 × 5 × 800 = 27 × 10^6". The expression evaluates to 27.82 × 10^6, which would round to 28 × 10^6.
- p. 4 Footnote 6
64 + 64) × 1536 + 1536 × 5 × 800 = 27 × 106
Judge's note: I checked the expression in the crop and recomputed it: 27,820,032. The printed 27 × 10^6 is a truncation, while the RPN count in the same footnote (2,383,872 → 2.4 × 10^6) is rounded. The order of magnitude and the argument are unaffected, so this is cosmetic.
Second check: none (judge only)
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Typo "this will bias towards negative samples as they are dominate" should read "as they dominate" or "as they are dominant".
- p. 5 Section 3.1.3 Training RPNs
bias towards negative samples as they are dominate
- p. 5
bias towards negative samples as they are dominate.
Judge's note: The page 5 crop shows the wording exactly as quoted. It is a grammatical error.
Second check: none (judge only)
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Typo Table 7: in the SS 2000 07++12 row, the dog entry "87.5" is set in bold, although the column best is 89.0 (RPN COCO+07++12).
- p. 9 Table 7, row SS 2000 07++12, 'dog' column
87.5
- p. 9 Table 7, row RPN 300 COCO+07++12, 'dog' column
89.0
Judge's note: In the crop, 87.5 is bold but not underlined, whereas the column bests (for example 89.0, and the SS sofa value 65.7, which is underlined) carry the bold/underline best marking. No other non-best cell in the table is bold. The bold on 87.5 is therefore a stray marking.
Second check: none (judge only)
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Typo The column header "areo" in Tables 6 and 7 should be "aero" (aeroplane).
- p. 9 Table 6 column header
areo
Judge's note: The page 9 image shows "areo" in the headers of both Table 6 and Table 7.
Second check: none (judge only)
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Typo p.11, Sec. 4.2: "This indicates that RPN performs excellent for improving the localization accuracy" uses an adjective where an adverb is needed ("excellently" or "well").
- p. 11 Section 4.2
RPN performs excellent for im-
Judge's note: Crop C018-a confirms the printed wording "RPN performs excellent for im-proving". This is a minor grammatical slip.
Second check: none (judge only)
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Typo Ref. [28] spells the author "P. Dollar", while other references (e.g. [20] "P. Dollár") use the accent.
- p. 14 Reference [28]
P. O. Pinheiro, R. Collobert, and P. Dollar
- p. 14 Reference [20]
J. Hosang, R. Benenson, P. Dollár, and B. Schiele
Judge's note: Crop C029-a shows "P. Dollar" in [28]. The text layer shows "Doll´ar" (Dollár) in [20] and in two other entries (Edge boxes and Microsoft COCO). This is a cosmetic inconsistency.
Second check: none (judge only)