FoundationDB: A Distributed Unbundled Transactional Key Value Store
Proceedings - ACM-SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data, 2021 · paper · Computer science
Describes FoundationDB, an open source transactional key-value store combining NoSQL scalability with ACID transactions through an unbundled architecture and deterministic simulation testing. It supports many systems built as layers on top and underpins cloud infrastructure at Apple and Snowflake.
Checked: PDF from foundationdb.org, fetched 4 Oct 2026. Page numbers are those of that PDF.
3 findings
Reference or label Ref [47] gives SIGMOD 2021 as "Xian, Shanxi, China, June 03 — 05, 2021", while the paper's own venue line reads "SIGMOD ’21, June 20–25, 2021, Virtual Event, China".
- p. 13 Reference [47]
2021, Xian, Shanxi, China, June 03 — 05, 2021
- p. 1 Footer / ACM reference format
SIGMOD ’21, June 20–25, 2021, Virtual Event, China
- p. 13 Reference [47]
Xian, Shanxi, China, June 03 — 05, 2021
Judge's note: Both crops checked. The two refer to the same conference but give different dates and venues. The paper's own front matter supplies the evident fix. The province spelling is handled separately in C015.
Second check: another model agreed
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Reference or label Ref [48]: "J. Levandoski, D. Lomet, , and K. K. Zhao ... www.crdrdb.org" has an empty author slot (doubled comma) and a probable misspelling of the CIDR domain.
- p. 13 Reference [48]
J. Levandoski, D. Lomet, , and K. K. Zhao
- p. 13 Reference [48]
D. Lomet, , and K. K. Zhao
- p. 13 Reference [48]
www.crdrdb.org
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Rests on outside knowledge: the CIDR site is cidrdb.org and the paper has a further co-author (possibly M. F. Mokbel). The crop confirms that the doubled comma and 'crdrdb' are printed. Only the authors can supply any missing name.
Second check: another model agreed
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Wording Intro (p.1): "Apache Cassandra [45], MongoDB [10], CouchBase [1] and other NoSQL systems now all support some form of ACID" vs Related Work (p.12): "PNUTS [30], MongoDB [10], CouchDB [2], Cassandra [45] do not provide ACID transactions".
- p. 1 Section 1 Introduction, para 2
For example Apache Cassandra [45], MongoDB [10], Couch-
- p. 12 Section 7 Related Work, Key/value stores and NoSQL systems
PNUTS [30], MongoDB [10], CouchDB [2], Cassandra [45] do not
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Both passages checked in the page crops. Both are in the present tense and cite the same references [10] and [45]. Section 7 does not say it means the original designs, so the two statements contradict each other as printed. The authors should say which is meant, e.g. 'originally did not provide'.
Second check: another model agreed
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14 minor (typos and the like; most checked by the judge only)
Wording Section 3: "Satellites are located in close proximity to the DC (in the same region)" vs Section 5.1: "two satellites in the primary region ... utilize the other (65.2 ms latency) running Coordinators"; the cross-region DC latency is 60.6 ms.
- p. 7 Section 3, para on Figure 5
Satellites are located in close proximity to the DC (in the same region)
- p. 9 Section 5.1
utilize the other (65.2 ms latency) running Coordinators
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Both crops checked. A satellite in the primary region with a latency above the 60.6 ms inter-region latency does not fit Section 3's description of satellites as close to the DC. Section 3 mentions coordinators sometimes 'utilizing an additional region', but Section 5.1 places this satellite in the primary region. The authors should clarify.
Second check: another model agreed
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Typo Contributions list (p.2): "used in production at Apple, Snowflake, VMWare and other companies" uses the capitalisation 'VMWare'.
- p. 2 Section 1, contributions bullet 1
ple, Snowflake, VMWare and other companies
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Rests on outside knowledge: the company styles its name 'VMware'. The crop confirms that 'VMWare' is printed. The point is cosmetic.
Second check: none (judge only)
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Typo Section 2.2 (p.3): "clear() deletes all keys-value pairs whithin a range" should read "key-value pairs within a range".
- p. 3 Section 2.2 System Interface
deletes all keys-value pairs whithin a range
- p. 3
deletes all keys-value pairs whithin a range or starting with
Judge's note: The crop shows the misspelling 'whithin' and the form 'keys-value' as printed.
Second check: none (judge only)
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Typo Section 2.4.2 (p.4): "To ensure there is no gaps between LSNs" should read "there are no gaps".
- p. 4 Section 2.4.2
To ensure there is no gaps between LSNs
Judge's note: The grammatical slip is visible in the crop.
Second check: none (judge only)
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Typo Section 4 (p.8): "from the beginning of FDB ’s development" has a stray space before the possessive.
- p. 8 Section 4, first paragraph
FDB ’s development
Judge's note: The space is visible in the rendered crop, probably from a macro.
Second check: none (judge only)
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Typo Section 3 (p.8): "which it proceeds to recover from the remaining log server in the primary region" uses the singular, while elsewhere the text says "remaining LogServers in the primary region".
- p. 8
DC2 might not have a suffix of the log, which it proceeds to recover from the remaining log server
Judge's note: The crop confirms the singular. The primary region holds several LogServers across DC1 and its satellites, and the same page uses the plural, so the singular is probably a slip. A singular reading is possible, so this is an observation only.
Second check: none (judge only)
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Typo Section 5.2 (p.10): "increasing the number operations in a transaction boosts throughput" is missing 'of'.
- p. 10 Section 5.2, right column
increasing the number operations in a transaction boosts throughput
Judge's note: The missing word is confirmed in the crop.
Second check: none (judge only)
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Typo Section 5.2 (p.10): "Batching helps to sustain the throughput, but commit latency spike to 368ms due to saturation" should read "spikes".
- p. 10 Section 5.2, last sentence
commit latency spike to 368ms due to saturation
Judge's note: The crop confirms the subject–verb disagreement.
Second check: none (judge only)
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Typo Refs [16] and [65]: "Farminton, PA, 2013" is a probable misspelling of Farmington, PA.
- p. 13 Reference [16]
pages 325–340, Farminton, PA, 2013
- p. 14 Reference [65]
pages 18–32, Farminton, PA, 2013
- p. 13 Ref [16]
Farminton, PA, 2013
- p. 14 Ref [65]
Farminton, PA, 2013
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Rests on outside knowledge: SOSP 2013 was held in Farmington, Pennsylvania. Both crops show 'Farminton' as printed.
Second check: none (judge only)
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Typo Ref [47]: "Xian, Shanxi, China" gives Shanxi, but Xi'an is in Shaanxi province.
- p. 13 Reference [47]
Xian, Shanxi, China
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Rests on outside knowledge: Xi'an is the capital of Shaanxi, and Shanxi is a different province. The crop confirms 'Shanxi' is printed. This is kept separate from the date and venue conflict in C011.
Second check: none (judge only)
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Typo Ref [39] prints the place name in lower case: "Santa clara, CA, USA" (ref [20] on the same page has "Santa Clara, CA").
- p. 13 Ref [39]
Santa clara, CA, USA
Judge's note: Checked the crop of p.13. Ref [39] reads "FAST'17, pages 149–165, Santa clara, CA, USA, 2017." Ref [20] on the same page has "Santa Clara, CA", so this is a capitalisation slip within the paper.
Second check: none (judge only)
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Typo Ref [8] prints the product names in lower case: "Foundationdb storage adapter for janusgraph" (elsewhere 'FoundationDB', 'JanusGraph').
- p. 13 Ref [8]
Foundationdb storage adapter for janusgraph
Judge's note: Checked the crop of p.13. The text is printed as quoted. Refs [6], [7] and [5] use 'FoundationDB'. This looks like BibTeX lowercasing of titles, and the same thing happens across the reference list ([9] 'Janusgraph', [38] 'Rocksdb', [34] 'Sql server's ... oltp', [62] 'Cockroachdb'). It is a cosmetic consistency point, not a factual error.
Second check: none (judge only)
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Typo Ref [60] has the wrong ordinal suffix: "Proceedings of 24rd International Conference on Very Large Data Bases" (should be '24th').
- p. 14 Reference [60]
Proceedings of 24rd International Conference on Very Large Data Bases
- p. 14 Reference [60]
Proceedings of 24rd International Conference on Very
Judge's note: Checked the crop of p.14. Ref [60] reads "VLDB'98, Proceedings of 24rd International Conference on Very Large Data Bases". '24rd' is not a valid ordinal; the evident fix is '24th'. Both reviewer quotes point to the same text.
Second check: none (judge only)
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Typo The same co-author is spelled "T. Kharatishvili" in ref [66] but "T. Kharatishvilli" in ref [67].
- p. 14 Reference [66]
T. Kharatishvili
- p. 14 Reference [67]
T. Kharatishvilli
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Rests on outside knowledge: that the author's correct spelling is 'Kharatishvili'. The p.14 crops show both spellings printed, "T. Kharatishvili" in [66] and "T. Kharatishvilli" in [67], so the inconsistency itself can be checked in the files. Which spelling is correct cannot be settled from the files.
Second check: none (judge only)