There Is More Consensus in Egalitarian Parliaments
2013 · paper · Computer science
Presents Egalitarian Paxos (EPaxos), a distributed consensus algorithm based on Paxos. It claims optimal wide-area commit latency, evenly spread load across replicas, and graceful performance when replicas are slow or crash, shown by proofs and an Amazon EC2 implementation.
Checked: PDF from cs.cmu.edu, fetched 4 Oct 2026. Page numbers are those of that PDF.
1 finding
Reference or label Reference [7] names two different venues in one entry: "In Proc. 26th ACM SOSP, PODC ’07, pages 398–407, New York, NY, USA, 2007. ACM."
- p. 15 References, entry [7]
In Proc. 26th ACM SOSP, PODC ’07, pages 398–407, New York, NY, USA, 2007. ACM.
- p. 15 Reference [7]
In Proc. 26th ACM SOSP, PODC ’07, pages 398–407
- p. 15 References [7]
Paxos made live: an engineering perspective. In Proc. 26th ACM SOSP, PODC ’07, pages 398–407
Judge's note: Viewed page 15 and the crop. Entry [7] prints 'Proc. 26th ACM SOSP' in italics followed by 'PODC ’07'. Entry [5] in the same list expands the same series as 'Proc. 26th annual ACM symposium on Principles of distributed computing, PODC ’07, ... New York, NY, USA, 2007. ACM.' The 26th/2007/PODC '07 details in [7] therefore match the PODC proceedings as the paper itself cites them, and 'SOSP' contradicts them. The inconsistency is internal to the reference list, so the evident fix is to replace SOSP with PODC.
Second check: another model agreed
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12 minor (typos and the like; most checked by the judge only)
Wording "so its throughput is generally higher—with the notable exception of many conflicts for more than three replicas" but in the 3-replica panel of Figure 5 the Mencius bar is also longer than the EPaxos 25% and EPaxos 100% bars.
- p. 12 Section 7.3, paragraph on EPaxos vs Mencius
with the notable exception of many conflicts for more than three replicas
- p. 12 Figure 5, 3 Replicas panel
EPaxos,100%
- p. 12 Section 7.3, right column
so its throughput is generally higher—with the notable exception of many conflicts for more than three replicas, when EPaxos executes an extra round per command
- p. 12 Figure 5, 3 Replicas panel
EPaxos,25%
Judge's note: Read off the Figure 5 crop, 3 replicas (approximate): EPaxos 0% about 53k, 2% about 46k, 25% about 44k, 100% about 45.5k, Mencius about 47.5k. Mencius is at or above EPaxos for 2%, 25% and 100% with three replicas. The 25% error bar appears not to overlap the Mencius one. The stated exception ("more than three replicas") therefore does not cover everything the figure shows. The text is hedged with "generally" and the 3-replica differences are small, so this is a wording point only. Values are read from bars, not from printed numbers.
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Wording Proof sketch of Proposition 1 states "Command γ is committed at instance Q.i only if replica Q has started Phase 1 for γ at instance Q.i", but Figure 3 line 37 lets a different replica "start Phase 1 (at line 2) for no-op at L.i" and commit it.
- p. 7 Section 4.3.3, Proposition 1, proof sketch
only if replica Q has started Phase 1 for γ at instance Q.i
- p. 7 Figure 3, line 37
start Phase 1 (at line 2) for no-op at L.i, avoid fast
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Reworked against Figures 2 and 3 with N=3 (Q, A, B). Q runs lines 1-4 for γ at Q.1 and fails before any PreAccept is delivered. A runs Explicit Prepare for Q.1 and gets ⌊3/2⌋+1 = 2 replies (A and B), neither holding a tuple for Q.1. Lines 28, 30, 32 and 34 are all false, so line 37 applies: A starts Phase 1 for no-op at Q.1 without the fast path, runs Paxos-Accept and commits no-op. A command is then committed at Q.1 for which Q never started Phase 1, so the premise is false as printed. The paper treats no-op as a command ("Read is a no-op command"; Sec. 4.6 "will commit a no-op to finalize the instance"). Uniqueness between γ and no-op needs the ballot/quorum argument, which the sketch does not give. The sketch is labelled informal and the formal proof is deferred to technical report [25], which is not among the files, so the proposition itself presumably stands.
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Wording "Nontriviality is straightforward: Phase 1 is only executed for commands proposed by clients." conflicts with Figure 3 line 37, "start Phase 1 (at line 2) for no-op at L.i".
- p. 7 Section 4.3.3, first paragraph after the opening
Phase 1 is only exe- cuted for commands proposed by clients.
- p. 7 Figure 3, line 37
start Phase 1 (at line 2) for no-op at L.i
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Both passages are on page 7. Line 37 runs Phase 1 for a no-op generated by the recovering replica, not proposed by a client, and Sec. 4.6 says that no-op is committed. As worded, the justification (and the Sec. 4.2 property "Any command committed by any replica must have been proposed by a client") has an unstated no-op exception. Excluding no-ops is a common implicit convention, so this is a wording gap for the authors to clarify.
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Wording Section 7.5 states "EPaxos has lower execution latency than either Multi-Paxos or Mencius, regardless of interfering commands", but in Figure 8 (99%ile panel) the Multi-Paxos curve lies below all EPaxos curves from about 2,000 to 9,000 requests/second, and the EPaxos 100% and 25% curves largely coincide with the Mencius curves.
- p. 13 Section 7.5, first paragraph
EPaxos has lower execution latency than either Multi-Paxos or Mencius, regardless of interfering commands
- p. 13 Figure 8, bottom (99%ile) graph
Figure 8: Latency vs. throughput for 3 replicas.
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Viewed page 13 and the Figure 8 crop. In the 99%ile panel the Multi-Paxos line runs at roughly 13-24 ms up to about 9,000 req/s, while the EPaxos points sit at roughly 17-36 ms over the same range. In the median panel all curves overlap at 2-3 ms at low load. EPaxos 100% and 25% track Mencius closely across the range; only EPaxos 0% is clearly lower, and only at higher load. The surrounding text of Section 7.5 carries no qualifier such as 'near saturation' or 'at high load'. Values are read off a line plot and are approximate, so this is an overstatement of wording rather than a wrong number.
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Typo Reply messages are named "PreAcceptOK" / "AcceptOK" in Figure 2 but "its PreAcceptReplies are taken into account" (Sec. 4.3.3) and "Accept and AcceptReply messages" (Sec. 4.4) in the prose.
- p. 6 Figure 2, lines 9 and 19
reply PreAcceptOK(γ,seqγ,depsγ,L.i) to L
- p. 8 Section 4.3.3, proof sketch of Lemma 1
its PreAcceptReplies are taken into account
- p. 8 Section 4.4, corner-case paragraph
Accept and AcceptReply messages
Judge's note: Figure 2 on page 6 (lines 9, 19 and the leader boxes) uses PreAcceptOK and AcceptOK. Page 8 prints PreAcceptReplies and AcceptReply in the italic used for message names. The meaning is clear, so this is only a naming inconsistency between pseudocode and prose.
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Typo "If a un-committed conflict exists" should read "an un-committed" (or "an uncommitted").
- p. 8 Section 4.4, second paragraph
If a un-committed conflict exists
Judge's note: The page 8 image, Sec. 4.4 second paragraph, prints "If a un-committed conflict exists, Q defers recovery".
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Typo "another implication of the new fast-path quorums size" should read "quorum size" (or "quorum's size").
- p. 8 Section 4.4, last paragraph
another implication of the new fast-path quorums size
Judge's note: The page 8 image, last paragraph of Sec. 4.4, prints "fast-path quo-rums size" across a line break, with the 's' present.
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Typo Footnote 5 ends "The typical RTT in an EC2 cluster is 0.4 ms" with no terminating full stop.
- p. 10 Footnote 5
The typical RTT in an EC2 cluster is 0.4 ms
Judge's note: The crop and the page 10 image show no period after "0.4 ms". Footnote 4 on the same page does end with a period.
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Typo Stray extra closing quote in "(e.g., “EPaxos 0%”’)."
- p. 11 Section 7.1, last paragraph
(e.g., “EPaxos 0%”’)
- p. 11 Section 7.1, last sentence
“EPaxos 0%”’)
- p. 11 Section 7.1
“EPaxos 0%”’
Judge's note: The crop shows the closing double quote followed by an additional single closing quote before the parenthesis. It is printed in the PDF, not an extraction artefact.
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Typo "otherwise its throughout is mostly unaffected" should read "throughput".
- p. 12 Section 7.3, last paragraph on the page
its throughout is mostly unaffected
- p. 12 Section 7.3, last paragraph
otherwise its throughout is mostly unaffected
Judge's note: The page 12 image, last line of the right column, prints "its throughout is mostly unaffected". The sentence is about throughput.
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Typo Reference [1] repeats the country in the publisher address: "London, UK, UK, 2000. Springer-Verlag."
- p. 15 References, entry [1]
London, UK, UK, 2000. Springer-Verlag.
- p. 15 Reference [1]
London, UK, UK, 2000
Judge's note: Viewed page 15 and the crop. The page image shows 'pages 268–282, London, UK, UK, 2000. Springer-Verlag.' The duplicated 'UK' is in the printed PDF, not an extraction artefact. Cosmetic.
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Typo Reference [13] prints the first author of the Eve paper as "M. Kaptritsos", which appears to be a misspelling of Kapritsos.
- p. 15 References, entry [13]
M. Kaptritsos, Y. Wang, V. Quema
- p. 15 Reference [13]
M. Kaptritsos
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Rests on outside knowledge: that the first author of 'Eve: Execute-verify replication for multi-core servers' (OSDI 2012) is spelled Kapritsos. The page image and crop do show 'M. Kaptritsos, Y. Wang, V. Quema, A. Clement, L. Alvisi, and M. Dahlin', so the quoted text is on the page. The name occurs nowhere else in the files, so the correct spelling cannot be checked from them.
Second check: none (judge only)