Risks and Benefits of Estrogen Plus Progestin in Healthy Postmenopausal Women: Principal Results From the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Trial
Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey, 2002 · paper · Clinical trials
A randomized trial of combined estrogen plus progestin versus placebo in 16,608 healthy postmenopausal women, stopped early at 5.2 years average follow-up. Risks, including heart disease, stroke, clots and breast cancer, exceeded benefits such as fewer fractures and colorectal cancers.
1 finding
Reference or label Reference 13 page range is impossible: "Arch Intern Med. 2001;161:1709-1173."
- p. 12 References, ref 13
Arch Intern Med. 2001;161:1709-1173.
- p. 12 References, ref 13
2001;161:1709-1173.
Judge's note: The p12 image shows '1709-1173'. The end page is lower than the start page, which is visible without outside knowledge. The correct end page (probably 1713) would need checking against the source.
Second check: another model agreed
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6 minor (typos and the like; most checked by the judge only)
Wording Table 2 footnote ‡ defines other osteoporotic fractures as "all fractures other than chest/sternum, skull/face, fingers, toes, and cervical vertebrae", omitting the ribs that Methods (p3-4) exclude: "except those of the ribs, chest/sternum, skull/face, fingers, toes, and cervical vertebrae".
- p. 6 Table 2 footnote ‡
all fractures other than chest/sternum, skull/face, fingers, toes, and cervical vertebrae
- p. 4 Methods, Fractures (top of page 4)
the ribs, chest/sternum, skull/face, fin-
- p. 3 Methods, Fractures
all fractures except those of the ribs, chest/sternum, skull/face, fin- gers, toes, and cervical vertebrae
Judge's note: Both images confirm the wording. The Methods sentence starts at the foot of p3 and continues at the top of p4 with 'the ribs, chest/sternum...'. The Table 2 footnote on p6 leaves out ribs. The two definitions of one outcome differ, though this is probably an abbreviation in the footnote.
Second check: another model agreed
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Typo Duplicated word: "At least 1 observational study has suggested that that use of estrogen plus progestin..."
- p. 10 Comment, Cardiovascular Disease, middle column
has suggested that that use of estrogen
Judge's note: The p10 image shows 'that that' inside a single line (middle column), so it is not a line-break artefact.
Second check: none (judge only)
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Typo Reference 3 prints "Grady D, Rueben SB, Pettiti DB, et al."
- p. 12 References, ref 3
Grady D, Rueben SB, Pettiti DB, et al.
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Rests on outside knowledge: the co-authors of Ann Intern Med 1992;117:1016-1037 are Rubin SM and Petitti DB. The p12 image shows the quoted spelling.
Second check: none (judge only)
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Typo Reference 14 prints "Willit WC".
- p. 13 References, ref 14
Willit WC
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Rests on outside knowledge: the author's name is Willett WC. The p13 image shows 'Willit WC'.
Second check: none (judge only)
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Typo Reference 18 prints "O'Brien PC, Fleming RT."
- p. 13 References, ref 18
O’Brien PC, Fleming RT.
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Rests on outside knowledge: the Biometrics 1979 co-author is Fleming TR. The p13 image shows 'Fleming RT'.
Second check: none (judge only)
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Typo Reference 41 prints "Torgerson DJ, Bell-Seyer SE."
- p. 13 Reference 41
Torgerson DJ, Bell-Seyer SE.
Only the authors can say what is right here.
Judge's note: Rests on outside knowledge: the co-author's name is Bell-Syer SE. The p13 image shows 'Bell-Seyer'.
Second check: none (judge only)